Table 1 Characteristics of study participants, Kaiyuan, China, 2020 (N = 4582)
Characteristics | N (%) | Mean (SD)§/Median (IQR)¶ |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
 Boys | 2279 (49.7) |  |
 Girls | 2303 (50.3) |  |
Age (Years) |  | 12.95 (2.0) § |
Ethnicity | ||
 Han majority | 1277 (27.9) |  |
 Yi minority | 1833 (40.0) |  |
 Other minorities | 1472 (32.1) |  |
Residence | ||
 Township | 1542 (33.7) |  |
 Village | 3040 (66.3) |  |
Grade | ||
 Primary school | 1588 (34.7) |  |
 Junior high school | 2440 (53.3) |  |
 Senior high school | 554 (12.1) |  |
Study style | ||
 Day students | 2294 (50.1) |  |
 Boarding students | 2288 (49.9) |  |
Father’s age (Years) |  | 41.53 (6.0) § |
Mother’s age (Years) |  | 38.96 (5.7) § |
Father’s education level | ||
 Elementary school and below | 1627 (35.5) |  |
 Junior high school and above | 2237 (48.8) |  |
 Missing or unknown | 718 (15.7) |  |
Mother’s education level | ||
 Elementary school and below | 1888 (41.2) |  |
 Junior high school and above | 1907 (41.6) |  |
 Missing or unknown | 240 (5.2) |  |
Marital status of the parents | ||
 Married | 3971 (86.7) |  |
 Divorced | 398 (8.7) |  |
 Re-married or widowed | 213 (4.6) |  |
Family income | ||
 Stable | 4127 (90.1) |  |
 Unstable | 455 (9.9) |  |
School bullying | ||
 Uninvolved | 3917 (85.5) |  |
 Victim | 573 (12.5) |  |
 Bully | 51 (1.1) |  |
 Bully-victim | 41 (0.9) |  |
Parenting style (s-EMBU-C sores) | ||
 Father’s rejection |  | 8 (3) ¶ |
 Father’s emotional warmth |  | 18 (8) ¶ |
 Father’s over-protection |  | 16 (5) ¶ |
 Mother’s rejection |  | 8 (3) ¶ |
 Mother’s emotional warmth |  | 19 (7) ¶ |
 Mother’s over-protection |  | 17 (5) ¶ |
Resilience (RSCA scores) | ||
 Combined score |  | 89 (18) ¶ |
 Goal concentration |  | 18 (5) ¶ |
 Emotional regulation |  | 20 (8) ¶ |
 Positive perception |  | 14 (5) ¶ |
 Family support |  | 20 (4) ¶ |
 Interpersonal assistance |  | 20 (6) ¶ |