Table 5 Detailed decomposition (with normalized coefficients) of the differential in depression among older adults in India 2017–18

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Age group

  Oldest-old

0.00008***

(0.00003, 0.00013)

0.2

-0.00103**

(-0.00204, -0.00002)

-2.4

  Old-old

-0.00004

(-0.00014, 0.00005)

-0.1

0.00081

(-0.00112, 0.00274)

1.9

  Young-old

-0.00018***

(-0.00024, -0.00011)

-0.4

0.00375*

(-0.00062, 0.00813)

8.8

 Gender

  Male

-0.00003

(-0.00007, 0.00001)

-0.1

-0.00230*

(-0.00491, 0.00030)

-5.4

  Female

-0.00003

(-0.00007, 0.00001)

-0.1

0.00259*

(-0.00034, 0.00552)

6.1

 Current marital status

  Currently married

-0.00012***

(-0.00018, -0.00006)

-0.3

0.00367**

(0.00055, 0.00679)

8.6

  Currently not married

-0.00012***

(-0.00018, -0.00006)

-0.3

-0.00226**

(-0.00417, -0.00034)

-5.3

 Status of work

  Never worked

-0.00076***

(-0.00123, -0.00028)

-1.8

-0.00084

(-0.00318, 0.00151)

-2.0

  Currently not working

0.00007

(-0.00007, 0.00022)

0.2

-0.00129

(-0.00399, 0.00142)

-3.0

  Currently working

-0.00058

(-0.00133, 0.00016)

-1.4

0.00134

(-0.00250, 0.00519)

3.1

  Retired

0.00005

(-0.00012, 0.00021)

0.1

0.00030

(-0.00083, 0.00143)

0.7

 Level of education

  No formal education

0.00035

(-0.00017, 0.00087)

0.8

-0.00057

(-0.00595, 0.00480)

-1.3

  Upto primary

-0.00005

(-0.00014, 0.00004)

-0.1

0.00114

(-0.00106, 0.00335)

2.7

  Secondary and above

0.00004

(-0.00069, 0.00078)

0.1

-0.00042

(-0.00181, 0.00097)

-1.0

 Social participation

  Socially active

-0.00020***

(-0.00029, -0.00011)

-0.5

-0.00439

(-0.01115, 0.00236)

-10.3

  Socially inactive

-0.00020***

(-0.00029, -0.00011)

-0.5

0.00049

(-0.00026, 0.00124)

1.1

 Importance of religion

  Not important

0.00001***

(0.00000, 0.00001)

0.0

0.00001

(-0.00110, 0.00112)

0.0

  Very important

0.00001***

(0.00000, 0.00001)

0.0

-0.00003

(-0.00467, 0.00460)

-0.1

 Living arrangement satisfaction

  Satisfied

0.00069***

(0.00053, 0.00085)

1.6

0.00112

(-0.00451, 0.00675)

2.6

  Neutral

-0.00001

(-0.00006, 0.00003)

0.0

0.00036

(-0.00090, 0.00161)

0.8

  Not satisfied

0.00046***

(0.00033, 0.00059)

1.1

-0.00012

(-0.00044, 0.00020)

-0.3

 Received ill-treatment

  No

0.00039***

(0.00027, 0.00050)

0.9

-0.00591

(-0.01576, 0.00394)

-13.8

  Yes

0.00039***

(0.00027, 0.00050)

0.9

0.00015

(-0.00010, 0.00041)

0.4

 Faced discrimination in life

  No

0.00064***

(0.00045, 0.00083)

1.5

-0.00074

(-0.00580, 0.00432)

-1.7

  Yes

0.00064***

(0.00045, 0.00083)

1.5

0.00010

(-0.00056, 0.00075)

0.2

Health-related characteristics

 Self-rated health

  Good

0.00084***

(0.00057, 0.00110)

2.0

0.00062

(-0.00139, 0.00262)

1.4

  Average

0.00033**

(0.00006, 0.00061)

0.8

0.00030

(-0.00493, 0.00554)

0.7

  Poor

0.00290***

(0.00223, 0.00356)

6.8

-0.00061

(-0.00183, 0.00060)

-1.4

 Chronic morbidity status

  No condition

0.00196***

(0.00106, 0.00286)

4.6

0.00328

(-0.00087, 0.00742)

7.7

  Single condition

-0.00011

(-0.00038, 0.00016)

-0.3

-0.00160**

(-0.00317, -0.00002)

-3.7

  Multiple conditions

0.00153***

(0.00090, 0.00217)

3.6

0.00019

(-0.00094, 0.00132)

0.4

 Physical activity status

  Physically inactive

-0.00039***

(-0.00066, -0.00011)

-0.9

0.00400**

(0.00026, 0.00774)

9.4

  Physically active

-0.00039***

(-0.00066, -0.00011)

-0.9

-0.00184**

(-0.00357, -0.00012)

-4.3

 Difficulty in ADL

  No difficulty

0.00063***

(0.00042, 0.00085)

1.5

0.00630***

(0.00189, 0.01071)

14.8

  Faces difficulty

0.00063***

(0.00042, 0.00085)

1.5

-0.00129***

(-0.00220, -0.00039)

-3.0

 Difficulty in IADL

  No difficulty

0.00083***

(0.00058, 0.00108)

1.9

-0.00137

(-0.00477, 0.00202)

-3.2

  Faces difficulty

0.00083***

(0.00058, 0.00108)

1.9

0.00087

(-0.00128, 0.00302)

2.0

 Covered by health insurance

  Yes

0.00074***

(0.00028, 0.00121)

1.7

-0.00251***

(-0.00401, -0.00101)

-5.9

  No

0.00074***

(0.00028, 0.00121)

1.7

0.00589***

(0.00237, 0.00942)

13.8

Household characteristics

 Household MPCE Quintile

  Poorest

0.00011

(-0.00050, 0.00071)

0.3

0.00045

(-0.00198, 0.00289)

1.1

  Poorer

0.00002

(-0.00005, 0.00009)

0.0

0.00246**

(0.00034, 0.00458)

5.8

  Middle

-0.00018***

(-0.00030, -0.00007)

-0.4

-0.00011

(-0.00195, 0.00173)

-0.3

  Richer

0.00012

(-0.00008, 0.00033)

0.3

0.00021

(-0.00142, 0.00183)

0.5

  Richest

0.00052***

(0.00017, 0.00088)

1.2

-0.00190***

(-0.00319, -0.00061)

-4.4

 Religion of household

  Hinduism

-0.00035

(-0.00225, 0.00156)

-0.8

-0.00231

(-0.00594, 0.00132)

-5.4

  Islam

0.00000

(-0.00005, 0.00006)

0.0

-0.00033

(-0.00180, 0.00113)

-0.8

  Others

-0.00015

(-0.00305, 0.00276)

-0.3

0.00397

(-0.00121, 0.00914)

9.3

 Place of residence

  Urban

-0.00118***

(-0.00173, -0.00062)

-2.8

-0.00109

(-0.00255, 0.00036)

-2.6

  Rural

-0.00118***

(-0.00173, -0.00062)

-2.8

0.00387

(-0.00129, 0.00904)

9.1

 Country region

  Southern

-0.00304***

(-0.00406, -0.00202)

-7.1

0.00075

(-0.00137, 0.00288)

1.8

  Northern

0.00264***

(0.00146, 0.00382)

6.2

-0.00033

(-0.00121, 0.00055)

-0.8

  Central

-0.00052***

(-0.00066, -0.00039)

-1.2

0.00041

(-0.00059, 0.00140)

1.0

  Western

-0.00010*

(-0.00020, 0.00000)

-0.2

0.00092

(-0.00066, 0.00250)

2.2

  Eastern

-0.00016

(-0.00074, 0.00041)

-0.4

-0.00102

(-0.00224, 0.00019)

-2.4

  North-eastern

0.00953***

(0.00570, 0.01336)

22.3

-0.00112

(-0.00712, 0.00489)

-2.6

Constant

0.01102

(-0.00570, 0.02773)

25.8