Table 1 Sample characteristics (n = 35,984)

Age (years) – mean (sd) N=35,984/ Missing=0

37.1 (13.0)

Gender identity N=35,984/ Missing=0

Male

18,078 (50.2)

Female

17,658 (49.1)

Non-binary

248 (0.7)

Gender (includes gender assigned at birth) N=35,600/ Missing=384

Cis man

17,848 (50.1)

Cis woman

17,388 (48.8)

Transgender man

58 (0.2)

Transgender woman

58 (0.2)

Non-binary

248 (0.7)

Sexual orientation N=35,913/ Missing = 71

Straight or heterosexual

31,207 (86.9)

Lesbian, gay or homosexual

1410 (3.9)

Bisexual

2248 (6.3)

Queer

369 (1.0)

Different orientation

151 (0.4)

Don’t know/prefer not to say

528 (1.5)

Ethnicity N = 32,368/ Missing = 3616

White

30,299 (93.6)

Black / African American

174 (0.5)

Asian

183 (0.6)

Hispanic/Latino

349 (1.1)

Mixed

1025 (3.2)

Other

338 (1.0)

Country of residence N = 35,984// Missing = 0

Australia

969 (2.7)

Austria

678 (1.9)

Brazil

1991 (5.5)

Denmark

267 (0.7)

France

3604 (10.0)

Germany

17,120 (47.6)

Greece

223 (0.6)

Ireland

3224 (9.0)

Netherlands

1680 (4.7)

New Zealand

2114 (5.9)

Switzerland

2335 (6.5)

United Kingdom

1356 (3.8)

United States

423 (1.2)

Currently live with children N = 32,474/ Missing = 3510

No

20,234 (62.3)

Yes

12,240 (37.7)

Area of residence N = 33,002/ Missing = 2982

City/urban area

23,572 (71.4)

Regional area

7784 (23.6)

Remote/rural area

1646 (5.0)

Are you currently living in your regular place of residence? N = 32,973/ Missing = 3011

Yes

31,075 (94.2)

No, I relocated voluntarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic/restrictions

1184 (3.6)

No, I am stranded by the COVID-19 movement restrictions

199 (0.6)

No, but this situation is unrelated to COVID-19

515 (1.6)

Are you currently in paid employment? N = 35,573/ Missing = 411

No

7605 (21.4)

Yes, full-time

20,687 (58.2)

Yes, part-time / casual

7281 (20.5)

Has the amount of money you have left after expenses changed compared with before COVID-19? N = 35,614/ Missing = 370

No change

17,440 (49.0)

I/ We have more now

8065 (22.6)

I/ We have less now

10,109 (28.4)

In the past month, how difficult has it been for you to pay for the very basics like food, housing, medical care, and heating? N = 35,766/ Missing = 218

Not very difficult

30,429 (85.1)

Somewhat difficult

3636 (10.2)

Difficult

1227 (3.4)

Very difficult

474 (1.3)

How have you been coping with changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic? N = 35,882/ Missing = 102

I’m coping really well

18,278 (50.9)

I’m coping with some things but not others

16,739 (46.7)

I’m not coping well at all

865 (2.4)

Kessler 6 Distress Scale total score [median (LQ - UQ)] N = 27,919/ Missing = 8065

5 (3–9)

6.4 (4.7)

Severe Psychological Distress N = 27,919/ Missing = 8065

≥13

3355 (12.0)

< 13

24,564 (88.0)

Alcohol change (composite) N = 34,819/ Missing = 1165

Only decreased

8992 (25.8)

Only increased

14,078 (40.4)

Increased and decreased

2607 (7.5)

No change

9142 (26.3)

Tension in relationship before COVID-19 restrictions N = 27,305/ Missing = 8679

No tension

16,061 (58.8)

Some tension

9877 (36.2)

A lot of tension

1367 (5.0)

Tension in relationship during COVID-19 restrictions N = 27,962/ Missing = 8022

No tension

14,332 (51.3)

Some tension

11,437 (40.9)

A lot of tension

2193 (7.8)

Partner

n (%)

Gender identity N = 35,854/ Missing = 130

Male

17,947 (50.1)

Female

17,759 (49.5)

Non-binary

148 (0.4)

Dyad gender grouping N = 35,854/ Missing = 130

Women partnered with women

747 (2.1)

Women partnered with men

16,805 (46.9)

Men partnered with women

16,915 (47.2)

Men partnered with men

1042 (2.9)

Non-binary respondents or respondents with a non-binary partner

345 (1.0)

Dyad gender grouping (includes gender assigned at birth) N = 35,419/ Missing = 565

Cis man-cis woman

16,615 (46.9)

Cis man-cis man

956 (2.7)

Cis woman-cis man

16,512 (46.6)

Cis woman-cis woman

671 (1.9)

Cis man-transgender/non-binary person

180 (0.5)

Cis woman - transgender/non-binary person

125 (0.4)

Transgender/non-binary person - cis man

147 (0.4)

Transgender/non-binary person - cis woman

138 (0.4)

Transgender/non-binary person – Transgender/non-binary person

75 (0.2)