Table 2 Multilevel analysis of factors associated with demand satisfied for modern contraceptives among reproductive age women in high fertility sub Saharan Africa countries (n = 43,745)

Study year

2010–2013

5965(39.80)

9258(60.82)

1

1

2014–2015

1806(24.95)

5434(75.05)

0.52(0.49, 0.56)

0.99(0.84, 1.18)

2016–2018

9520(44.73)

11,762(55.27)

1.01(0.96, 1.06)

0.77(0.61, 1.01)

Age in years

15–24

3230(33.74)

6345(66.26)

1

1

25–34

7792(41.43)

11,014(58.57)

1.35(1.27, 1.43)

1.34(1.26, 1.42)*

35–49

6269(40.80)

9095(59.20)

1.28(1.19, 1.36)

1.28(1.20, 1.38)*

Women educational level

No formal education

5658(29.03)

13,834(70.97)

1

1

Primary

4255(38.91)

6680(61.09)

1.32(1.25, 1.41)

1.35(1.27, 1.44)*

Secondary and higher

7378(55.40)

5939(44.60)

1.83(1.70, 1.96)

2.05(1.90, 2.21)*

Husband educational level

No formal education

5144(29.13)

12,513(70.87)

1

1

Primary

3377(39.74)

5122(60.26)

1.31(1.22, 1.39)

1.26(1.18, 1.35)*

Secondary

and higher

8757(49.89)

8794(50.11)

1.33(1.25, 1.42)

1.54(1.43, 1.66)*

Husband residence

Living elsewhere

1767(31.95)

3764(68.05)

1

1

Living with her

15,511(40.65)

22,648(59.35)

1.66(1.53, 1.81

1.75(1.60, 1.91)*

Media exposure

No

4120(28.61)

10,278(71.39)

1

1

Yes

13,133(44.91)

16,108(55.09)

1.15(1.09, 1.21)

1.22(1.15, 1.29)*

Wealth index

Poorest

1750(25.50)

5112(74.50)

1

1

Poorer

2311(29.43)

5542(70.57)

1.10(1.02, 1.19)

1.10(1.02, 1.19)*

Middle

2914(34.10)

5632(65.90)

1.23(1.13, 1.33)

1.18(1.08, 1.28)*

Richer

4139(43.02)

5482(56.98)

1.49(1.37, 1.61)

1.37(1.26, 1.49)*

Richest

6177(56.86)

4686(43.14)

2.10(1.93, 22.28)

1.72(1.56, 1.89)*

Household head

Male

15,455(40.18)

23,009(59.82)

1

1

Female

1836(34.77)

3445(65.23)

0.96(0.88, 1.04)

1.02(0.93, 1.12)

Number of HH member

 < 5

7268(43.85)

9306(56.15)

1

1

 ≥ 5

10,023(36.89)

17,148(63.11)

0.83(0.79, 0.88)

0.85(0.81, 0.89)*

Number of children

0

2229(57.17)

1670(42.83)

1

1

1–3

14,029(38.97)

21,971(61.03)

0.58(0.54, 0.63)

0.59(0.54, 0.63)*

4—6

949(27.64)

2484(72.36)

0.44(0.39, 0.49)

0.48(0.43, 0.55)*

Above 6

85(20.46)

329(79.54)

0.27(0.21, 0.36)

0.39(0.29, 0.59)*

Distance to health facility

Big problem

4869(33.90)

9494(66.10)

1

1

Not big problem

11,991(44.49)

14,961(55.51)

1.27(1.21, 1.33)

1.11(1.04, 1.15)*

Residence

Rural

9086(33.53)

18,009(66.47)

1

1

Urban

8206(49.28)

8445(50.72)

2.33(2.21, 2.46)

1.18(1.10, 1.27)*

Community level education

Low

6791(33.99)

13,191(66.01)

1

1

High

10,500(44.19)

13,263(55.81)

1.26(1.15, 1.39)

1.04(0.94, 1.14)

Community level poverty

Low

15,802(40.97)

22,766(59.03)

1

1

High

1489(28.77)

3688(71.23)

0.70(0.61, 0.81)

0.85(0.74, 0.97)*

Community level media exposure

Low

7663(35.19)

14,112(64.81)

1

1

High

9628(43.82)

12,342(56.18)

1.24(1.14, 1.34)

1.03(0.95, 1.12)

Countries

Niger

1171(42.53)

1582(57.47)

1

1

Angola

1085(26.42)

3023(73.58)

0.29(0.26, 0.32)

0.27(0.20, 0.32)*

Burkina Faso

2161(39.41)

3324(60.59)

0.82(0.74, 0.91)

0.74(0.66, 0.89)*

Burundi

2784(48.93)

2907(51.07)

1.41(1.28, 1.56)

1.30(1.00, 1.70)*

DR. Congo

2444(42.21)

3347(57.79)

0.76(0.69, 0.84)

0.57(0.50, 0.65)*

Gambia

609(26.46)

1692(73.54)

0.31(0.27, 0.35)

0.31(0.27, 0.36)*

Mali

1465(41.75)

2044(58.25)

0.93(0.83, 1.04)

1.05(0.80, 1.37)

Nigeria

4829(46.78)

5494(53.22)

0.74(0.67, 0.82)

0.63(0.48, 0.82)*

Chad

741(19.60)

3042(80.40)

0.37(0.32, 0.43)

0.36(0.29, 0.46)*

Random effect

Null model

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Variance

0.493

0.262

0.272

0.229

ICC (%)

13.0

7.3

7.6

6.5

MOR

1.81

1.32

1.35

1.24

PCV

Ref

46.86

44.82

53.54

Model comparission

 Deviance(2loglikelihood)

56,861.138

51,547.446

51,798.038

48,857.554

 Mean VIF

…

1.70

1.84

1.38