Table 2 Cotinine (ng/mL) and total nicotine and metabolite concentration (NM, nmol/mL) mean and 95% confidence interval for maternal and neonatal biological fluids according to maternal self-reported tobacco use (n = 73)

Maternal blood, n = 61

28

42.06 (-23.42—107.54)

0.44 (0.13—0.87)¹

15

121.57 (25.65—217.49)

0.90 (0.38—1.43)²

18

78.97 (30.47—127.46)

0.73 (0.43—1.03)³

Cord blood ⁵, n = 37

15

19.96 (-2.97—42.90)

0.40 (0.19—0.61)

10

510.29 (207.52—813.05)

4.07 (1.81—6.34)

12

306.37 (11.87—500.88)

2.39 (1.08—3.70)

Vein cord blood, n = 26

12

35.25 (-22.82—93.31)

0.48 (0.09—0.87)

4

484.76 (-77.63—1047.15)

3.33 (-0.34—7.00)

10

398.71 (127.43—670.01)

3.01 (1.25—4.77)

Artery cord blood, n = 18

7

10.05 (6.97—13.12)

0.52 (0.04—0.99)⁴

3

1050.50 (-1066.84 -3167.84)

6.71 (-6.00—19.42)

8

264.22 (34.33—494.12)

2.07 (0.52—3.61)

Unknown cord blood vessel, n = 11

3

9.97 (7.35—12.59)

0.17 (0.03—0.30)

6

425.51 (112.75–738.28)

3.98 (0.71—7.26)

2

77.00 (-780.76—934.77)

0.70 (-4.93—6.32)

Amniotic fluid, n = 6

0

-

-

4

478.65 (176.89—780.42)

6.74 (2.90—10.58)

2

368.84 (-999.25—1736.93)

4.29 (-7.05—15.62)

Maternal urine, n = 59

26

13.19 (11.86—14.52)

0.43 (0.32—0.55)

16

138.90 (63.69—214.11)

4.30 (2.53—6.07)

17

97.85 (39.01—156.70)

3.30 (2.08—4.53)

Neonatal urine Day 1, n = 32

16

12.54 (11.96—13.12)

0.62 (0.50- 0.74)

8

26.58 (13.18—39.99)

1.30 (0.57—2.04)

8

26.54 (3.98—49.11)

1.05 (0.62—1.48)

Neonatal urine Day 3, n = 20

13

12.30 (11.42—13.18)

0.48 (0.37—0.58)

4

28.93 (-2.00–59.86)

0.69 (0.53—0.86)

3

44.63 (-67.37—156.63)

0.90 (0.50—1.30)

Breast milk, n = 39⁶

19

3.05 (-1.31—7.41)

0.06 (0.02—0.10)

10

28.65 (3.33—53.97)

0.31 (0.10—0.52)

10

5.46 (1.10—9.82)

0.06 (0.02—0.11)