Table 2 Influence of demographic and work environment on sleep disturbance (N = 1790)

Demographic characteristics

 Age

1.01

1.00–1.03

1.01

1.00–1.03

1.01

0.99–1.02

 Gender

  Male

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  Female

1.18

0.79–1.77

1.34

0.90–2.10

1.16

0.74–1.81

 Monthly income (USD)

  ≤ 1300

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  1300 ~ 2500

0.83

0.46–1.49

0.83

0.45–1.52

0.79

0.42–1.47

  2500 ~ 4000

0.49

0.24–1.01

0.52

0.25–1.08

0.52

0.24–1.12

  ≥ 4000

0.60

0.28–1.30

0.66

0.30–1.47

0.76

0.33–1.75

 Education

  Middle school

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  High school

2.95^*

1.13–8.26

3.17^*

1.13–8.90

2.40

0.84–6.83

  College or more

3.00^*

1.12–8.88

3.32^*

1.12–9.81

2.47

0.81–7.52

Working time characteristics

 Shift type

  Split shifts

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  Fixed shifts

1.23

0.70–2.16

1.54

0.85–2.80

  Rotating shifts

0.88

0.54–1.43

0.92

0.56–1.52

 Frequency of night-shift (per month)

0.99

0.96–1.03

0.98

0.94–1.02

 Extended work

  No

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  Yes

1.60^*

1.11–2.31

1.53^*

1.05–2.23

Work characteristics

 Physical work demands

1.01

0.99–1.02

 Workload

1.01^*

1.01–1.03

 Emotional work demands

1.03^*

1.02–1.05

 Social support

1.01

0.99–1.01

 Communication

0.99

0.97–1.00