Table 1 Demographic and work environment characteristics of the participants (N = 1790)
Characteristics | Total (N = 1790) | No sleep disturbance (N = 1640) | Sleep disturbance (N = 150) | χ2 or t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or mean ± SD | ||||
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender | ||||
Male | 1338 (74.8) | 1232 (75.1) | 106 (71.1) | 1.1 (.284) |
Female | 452 (25.2) | 408 (24.9) | 44 (28.9) | |
Age (years) | 42.5 ± 12.6 | 42.3 ± 12.6 | 43.6 ± 12.2 | 1.2 (.244) |
Education | ||||
Middle school | 94 (5.3) | 90 (5.5) | 4 (2.7) | 3.5 (.178) |
High school | 809 (45.2) | 733 (44.7) | 76 (50.6) | |
College or more | 887 (49.5) | 817 (49.8) | 70 (46.7) | |
Monthly income (USD) | ||||
≤ 1300 | 180 (10.1) | 161 (9.8) | 19 (12.6) | 5.7 (.125) |
1300 ~ 2500 | 849 (47.4) | 768 (46.8) | 81 (54.0) | |
2500 ~ 4000 | 560 (31.3) | 526 (32.1) | 34 (22.7) | |
≥ 4000 | 201 (11.2) | 185 (11.3) | 16 (10.7) | |
Working time characteristics | ||||
Shift type | ||||
Split shifts | 292 (16.3) | 266 (16.2) | 26 (17.3) | 2.8 (.243) |
Fixed shifts | 384 (21.5) | 345 (21.0) | 39 (26.0) | |
Rotating shifts | 1114 (62.2) | 1029 (62.8) | 85 (56.7) | |
Frequency of night-shift (per month) | 10.1 ± 5.0 | 10.1 ± 5.0 | 10.2 ± 5.3 | 0.1 (.913) |
Extended work | ||||
Yes | 833 (46.5) | 748 (45.6) | 85 (56.7) | 6.8 (.009) |
No | 957 (53.5) | 892 (54.4) | 65 (43.3) | |
Frequency of extended work (per month) | 6.0 ± 8.2 | 6.0 ± 8.2 | 6.8 ± 8.4 | 1.2 (.212) |
Work characteristics | ||||
Physical work demands | 37.2 ± 16.0 | 36.8 ± 15.6 | 41.6 ± 19.5 | 2.9 (.003) |
Workload | 45.5 ± 16.4 | 39.1 ± 16.2 | 44.2 ± 17.9 | 3.4 ( .001) |
Emotional work demands | 40.9 ± 16.2 | 40.0 ± 15.4 | 50.2 ± 20.7 | 5.9 (< .001) |
Social support | 68.0 ± 17.0 | 68.1 ± 17.0 | 66.4 ± 16.9 | -1.1 (.268) |
Communication | 65.2 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 12.9 | 62.3 ± 16.3 | -2.3 (.023) |