Patient-related healthcare costs for diarrhoea, Guillain Barré syndrome and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Gondar, Ethiopia, 2020

Table 5 Mean direct medical costs in 2020 USD per diarrhoea patient by etiology in three healthcare facility types in Gondar, Ethiopia, in 2020

		Etiology ^a,b
Healthcare facility	Cost category	*Campylobacter* spp.	Enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli*	Non-typhoidal *Salmonella enterica*	p -value ^d
All facilities	Number of patients	56	91	142
	Total costs	10.62	9.23	8.92	0.058
	Stay costs	1.34	0.99	1.11	0.091
	Special services costs	2.57 ab	2.66 a	2.18 b	0.026
	Diagnostic test costs	2.73 a	2.20 b	2.11 b	0.031
	Drug costs	3.98	3.39	3.52	0.609
Health centre	Number of patients	10	22	25
	Total costs	6.16	6.30	6.73	0.846
	Stay costs	0.52	0.46	0.63	0.826
	Special services costs	1.60	1.80	1.72	0.903
	Diagnostic test costs	0.72	0.89	0.77	0.297
	Drug costs	3.32	3.15	3.75	0.513
Private clinic	Number of patients	17	24	50
	Total costs	11.68	10.88	9.85	0.119
	Stay costs	2.03	1.66	1.43	0.252
	Special services costs	2.98 ab	3.95 a	2.52 b	0.021
	Diagnostic test costs	2.23	2.29	2.06	0.264
	Drug costs	4.44	2.98	3.38	0.800
Specialised hospital	Number of patients	29	45	67
	Total costs	11.54 a	9.79 ab	8.99 b	0.024
	Stay costs^c	1.23	0.89	0.72	0.021
	Special services costs	2.66	2.38	2.09	0.062
	Diagnostic test costs	3.72 a	2.81 b	2.63 b	0.004
	Drug costs	3.92	3.72	3.55	0.638

^aDifferent letters between columns indicate difference in means of transformed costs between pathogens at p < 0.05, tested with Tamhane’s T2 test or Fisher's Least Significant Difference test
^bCampylobacter spp., ETEC and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica were the indicated cause for the majority of diarrhoea patients (supplementary material S3). Other etiologies were not analysed separately
^cANOVA showed a significant difference, but post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 test did not show significant differences in means between pathogens
^dANOVA was used to test for differences between pathogens in transformed costs

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