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Table 4 Summary of themes and details by intervention

From: Promoting permanency in families with parental substance misuse: lessons from a process evaluation of a multi-system program

Peer Recovery Support (PRS)

Family Treatment Drug Court (FTDC)

Medications for Opioid Use Disorders (MOUD)

Nurturing Parent Program (NPP)

• Facilitators

 ° Impactful relationships with clients

 ° Connect caseworkers to clients

 ° Provides purpose to PRSs

• Barriers

 ° Maintaining boundaries

 ° PRS turnover

 ° Matching PRS and client

 ° Not employed by child welfare

• Facilitators

° Provides structure

° Provides accountability & support

° Relationship with judge

° Incentives

• Barrier

° Court viewed as punitive

• Facilitators

° Use shows motivation

° Stabilization

• Barriers

° Knowledge of MOUD

° Availability of providers

° Preference for Subutex

• Barriers

° Sobriety efforts take precedent

° Not valued

° Redundant with FTDC

Other Barriers to Engagement

• Transportation

• Client resistance

° EPIC program not voluntary

° Client not ready for change

° Client animosity toward child protective services