Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to sex

Age (year)

48.3(9.40)

48.3 (9.58)

48.2 (9.26)

0.722^a

  < 50

2322(58.4%)

1010(25.4%)

1312(33%)

0.770^b

  ≥ 50

1656(41.6%)

712(17.9%)

944(23.7%)

Residence

 Urban

3350(85.2%)

1468(37.3%)

1882(47.9%)

0.077^b

 Rural

582(14.8%)

232(5.9%)

350(8.9%)

Marital status

 Single

93(2.4%)

21(0.5%)

72(1.8%)

 < 0.001^b

 Married

3519(89.5%)

1662(42.3%)

1857(47.2%)

 Widow/divorced

320(8.1%)

17(0.4%)

303(7.7%)

Education (years)

  ≤ 5 years

2360(60.0%)

758(19.3%)

1602(40.7%)

 < 0.001^b

 6–12 years

1247(31.7%)

740(18.8%)

507(12.9%)

  ≥ 13 years

325(8.3%)

202(5.1%)

123(3.1%)

Socio-economic status

 Low

1505(38.4%)

529(13.5%)

976(24.9%)

 < 0.001^b

 Moderate

1656(42.3%)

766(19.6%)

890(22.7%)

 High

754(19.3%)

397(10.1%)

357(9.1%)

Physical activity score (METs/ day)

 Low (24-36.5)

1021(26.0%)

462(11.8%)

559(14.2%)

 < 0.001^b

 Moderate (36.6-44.9)

2338(59.5%)

902(23.0%)

1436(36.5%)

 Vigorous (>= 45)

570(14.5%)

334(8.5%)

236(6.0%)

Hookah consumption

 Yes

693(17.6%)

389(9.9%)

304(7.7%)

 < 0.001^b

 No

3239(82.4%)

1311(33.3%)

1928(49.0%)

Cigarette smoking

 Yes

357(9.1%)

351(8.9%)

6(0.2%)

 < 0.001^b

 No

3575(90.9%)

1349(34.3%)

2226(56.6%)

Waist Circumference (cm)

93.8(11.9)

90.4 (11.2)

96.3 (11.8)

 < 0.001^a

Hip Circumference(cm)

100.1 (9.7)

97.8 (8.3)

101.9 (10.3)

 < 0.001^a

Wrist Circumference(cm)

16.5 (1.5)

17.2 (1.3)

16.0 (1.4)

 < 0.001^a

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

26.9(5.0)

25.8(4.5)

27.78(5.2)

 < 0.001^a

Waist to Hip Ratio

0.9(0.6)

0.9(0.1)

0.9(0.1)

 < 0.001^a

Waist to Height Ratio

0.5(0.1)

0.5(0.1)

0.6(0.1)

 < 0.001^a

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

118.7(17.4)

120.5(16.4)

117.3(17.9)

 < 0.001^a

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

76.9(10.3)

78.4(9.9)

75.9(10.5)

 < 0.001^a