Table 2 Participants’ characteristics (N = 23)
Characteristics | Category | n | % or mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 16 | 69.6 | |
Female | 7 | 30.4 | ||
Age (years) | 20–30 | 3 | 39.1 | |
31–40 | 8 | 52.2 | ||
≥ 41 | 12 | 8.7 | ||
Min–max | 23–48 | 31.7 (6.0) | ||
Nationality | Cambodia | 8 | 34.8 | |
Nepal | 6 | 26.1 | ||
Sri Lanka | 4 | 17.4 | ||
Bangladesh | 3 | 13.0 | ||
Pakistan | 2 | 8.7 | ||
Education level | ≤ Middle school | 4 | 17.4 | |
High school | 13 | 56.5 | ||
≥ College | 6 | 6.1 | ||
Occupation | Unskilled job | 20 | 87.0 | |
Engineer | 3 | 13.0 | ||
Total length of stay in Korea (years) | < 3 3–6 7–10 | 3 | 13.0 | |
12 | 52.2 | |||
8 | 34.8 | |||
Visa status | E-9 | 16 | 69.6 | |
E-7 | 4 | 17.4 | ||
F-2 | 3 | 13.0 | ||
Korean language proficiency | Reading | Fluent | 9 | 17.4 |
Limited | 14 | 82.6 | ||
Listening | Fluent | 10 | 43.5 | |
Limited | 13 | 56.5 | ||
Writing | Fluent | 18 | 78.3 | |
Limited | 5 | 21.7 | ||
Speaking | Fluent | 4 | 17.4 | |
Limited | 19 | 82.6 | ||