Table 2 Changes in agricultural context during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand
Parameter | n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n=1676) | Central (n=410) | North (n=426) | South (n=420) | North-East (n=420) | |
Crop cultivation context | |||||
 Increased costs of agrochemicals | 1,297 (77.4) | 373 (91.0) | 367 (86.2) | 240 (57.1) | 317 (75.5) |
 Increased costs of crop cultivation | 1,167 (69.6) | 376 (91.7) | 306 (71.8) | 176 (41.9) | 309 (73.6) |
 Decreased number of laborers | 865 (51.6) | 360 (87.8) | 244 (57.3) | 136 (32.4) | 125 (29.8) |
 Increased difficulty in accessing agrochemicals | 793 (47.3) | 333 (81.2) | 207 (48.6) | 166 (39.5) | 87 (20.7) |
 Changed type of agrochemicals | 784 (46.8) | 358 (87.3) | 152 (35.7) | 182 (43.3) | 92 (21.9) |
 Decreased agricultural working days | 692 (41.3) | 300 (73.2) | 147 (34.5) | 172 (41.0) | 73 (17.4) |
 Changed type of crop cultivation | 651 (38.8) | 221 (53.9) | 169 (39.7) | 169 (40.2) | 92 (21.9) |
 Increased quantity of agrochemicals | 632 (37.7) | 373 (91.0) | 121 (28.4) | 61 (14.5) | 77 (18.3) |
 Decreased crop protection | 608 (36.3) | 351 (85.6) | 86 (20.2) | 144 (34.3) | 27 (6.4) |
 Changed method of crop cultivation | 585 (34.9) | 240 (58.5) | 144 (33.8) | 136 (32.4) | 65 (15.5) |
 Decreased rotation of crop cultivation | 536 (32.0) | 131 (32.0) | 179 (42.0) | 146 (34.8) | 80 (19.0) |
 Shorter period of crop cultivation | 535 (31.9) | 248 (60.5) | 149 (35.0) | 89 (21.2) | 49 (11.7) |
Crop product context | |||||
 Decreased prices of crop products | 1,255 (74.9) | 367 (89.5) | 358 (84.0) | 251 (59.8) | 279 (66.4) |
 Increased difficulty in accessing markets | 1,214 (72.4) | 368 (89.8) | 347 (81.5) | 256 (61.0) | 243 (57.9) |
 Decreased crop yields | 1,052 (62.8) | 377 (92.0) | 271 (63.6) | 225 (53.6) | 179 (42.6) |
 Increased difficulty in logistics | 1,029 (61.4) | 337 (82.2) | 315 (73.9) | 244 (58.1) | 133 (31.7) |
Agricultural economic context | |||||
 Decreased household income | 1,374 (82.0) | 355 (86.6) | 390 (91.5) | 293 (69.8) | 336 (80.0) |
 Increased household expense | 1,319 (78.7) | 395 (96.3) | 353 (82.9) | 236 (56.2) | 335 (79.8) |
 Increased household debt | 994 (59.3) | 370 (90.2) | 263 (61.7) | 179 (42.6) | 182 (43.3) |
 Earning extra income | 863 (51.5) | 170 (41.5) | 287 (67.4) | 220 (52.4) | 186 (44.3) |