Table 1 Baseline characteristics of RaNCD cohort study participants (n = 8905)

Age group

35–45

4286 (48.13)

2083 (48.60)

2203 (51.39)

46–55

2966 (33.30)

1532 (51.65)

1434 (48.34)

56–65

1653 (18.56)

785 (47.48)

868 (52.51)

Residential areas

Urban

5351 (60.08)

2729 (50.99)

2622 (49.00)

Rural

3554 (39.91)

1671 (47.01)

1883 (52.98)

Education level

Illiterate

1957 (21.97)

528 (26.98)

1429 (73.01)

1–5 years

3435 (38.57)

1262 (36.73)

2173 (63.26)

6–9 years

1568 (17.60)

1081 (68.94)

487 (31.05)

10-12 years

1202 (13.49)

931 (77.45)

271 (22.54)

 > 13

743 (8.34)

598 (80.48)

145 (19.51)

Socioeconomic status

1st quintile (lowest)

1731 (19.43)

573 (33.10)

1158 (66.89)

2nd quintile

1734 (19.47)

788 (45.44)

946 (54.55)

3rd quintile

1797 (20.17)

913 (50.80)

884 (49.19)

4th quintile

1795 (20.15)

919 (51.19)

876 (48.80)

5th quintile (highest)

1848 (20.75)

1207 (65.31)

641 (34.68)

Smoking status

Non-smokers

7108 (79.82)

2811 (39.54)

4297 (60.45)

Current smokers

1106 (12.41)

1023 (92.49)

83 (7.50)

Former smokers

691 (7.75)

573 (82.92)

118 (17.07)

Alcohol intake

Yes

602 (6.76)

598 (99.33)

4 (0.66)

PAL (MET hours per week)

24–36.5

2385 (26.78)

1422 (59.62)

963 (40.37)

36.6–44.9

4555 (51.15)

1479 (32.46)

3076 (67.53)

 ≥ 45

1965 (22.06)

1501 (76.38)

464 (23.61)

BMI ( kg/m²)

 < 18.5

179 (2.01)

101 (56.42)

78 (43.57)

18.6–25

2565 (28.80)

1553 (60.54)

1012 (39.45)

25.1–30

3868 (43.43)

2023 (52.30)

1845 (47.69)

30.1–34.9

1805 (20.26)

617 (34.18)

1188 (65.81)

 > 35

488 (5.48)

98 (20.08)

390 (79.91)

Kidney disease

Yes

1574 (17.67)

902 (57.30)

672 (42.69)

Depression

Yes

275 (3.08)

66 (24.00)

209 (76.00)

Psychiatric disorder

Yes

178 (1.99)

83 (46.62)

95 (53.37)

CVD

Yes

228 (2.56)

99 (43.42)

129 (56.57)