Table 1 The prevalence cases and age-standardized prevalence of AF/AFL in 1990 and 2019, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019

Global

282.9 (214.9–361.6)

775.9 (592.4–990.8)

597.0 (457.3–752.9)

743.5 (571.2–938.3)

0.01 (− 0.06–0.08)

High SDI

100.6 (76.6–127.4)

947.6 (727.7–1199.4)

175.7 (138.7–217.2)

895.7 (707.8–1104.9)

0.16 (0.01–0.31)

High-middle SDI

83.1 (63.0–107.0)

818.6 (625.2–1042.3)

159.7 (121.3–203.7)

780.2 (594.1–996.5)

− 0.14(− 0.16--0.12)

Middle SDI

56.3 (42.6–72.2)

642.3 (486.6–819.1)

155.1 (117.2–199.6)

672 (507.7–859.3)

0.19 (0.13–0.25)

Low-middle SDI

33.1 (25.0–42.8)

659.3 (500.5–843.5)

83.8 (63.2–107.3)

677 (511.8–863.1)

0.13 (0.11–0.15)

Low SDI

9.6 (7.2–12.4)

492.3 (374.4–630.2)

22.5 (17.1–29.1)

514.2 (390.1–658.4)

0.16 (0.15–0.17)

Andean Latin America

0.25 (0.19–0.32)

140.5 (106.1–181)

0.85 (0.64–1.1)

158.1 (119.6–202.1)

0.56 (0.47–0.64)

Australasia

3.1 (2.3–3.9)

1300.6 (982.4–1657.3)

6.2 (4.7–7.9)

1212.2 (927.8–1530.3)

−0.18 (− 0.23--0.13)

Caribbean

0.83 (0.63–1.1)

336.1 (254.2–433.9)

1.8 (1.4–2.3)

344.3 (262.5–440.9)

0.11 (0.1–0.13)

Central Asia

3.8 (2.8–4.8)

857 (649.7–1097.6)

5.9 (4.4–7.6)

893.6 (680.6–1145.9)

0.19 (0.17–0.21)

Central Europe

15.0 (11.3–19.3)

1026.8 (778.7–1318)

22.1 (16.6–28.4)

1001.8 (756.8–1282.3)

0.03 (−0.05–0.12)

Central Latin America

2.7 (2.0–3.5)

366.2 (278.5–472)

8.3 (6.3–10.7)

368.6 (280.4–474.2)

0.04 (0.03–0.05)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

0.71 (0.53–0.92)

394.6 (297.9–507.7)

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

384.5 (291.3–497.7)

−0.11 (− 0.13--0.09)

East Asia

51.1 (38.5–66.0)

687.8 (520.9–881.5)

143.4 (108.3–186.0)

723.4 (546.9–923.9)

0.22 (0.1–0.35)

Eastern Europe

26.0 (19.6–33.5)

946.3 (722.9–1209.9)

37.0 (28.1–47.6)

1046.9 (797.4–1344.7)

0.42 (0.39–0.45)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

1.4 (1.0–1.8)

226.9 (172.3–293)

3.2 (2.4–4.1)

233.2 (177.4–300.8)

0.2 (0.14–0.26)

High-income Asia Pacific

7.5 (5.7–9.5)

376.6 (290.8–477.2)

13.5 (10.5–17.1)

312.1 (242–394.5)

−1.31 (−1.62--1)

High-income North America

42.9 (32.7–54.7)

1173.6 (898.8–1486.1)

86.2 (70.2–104.4)

1322.2 (1074.9–1600.7)

1.21 (0.86–1.55)

North Africa and Middle East

7.2 (5.4–9.2)

498.2 (379.2–638.2)

19.0 (14.5–24.2)

506.4 (385.7–648.5)

−0.04 (−0.08--0.01)

Oceania

0.17 (0.13–0.21)

707.9 (534.1–905.9)

0.41 (0.31–0.53)

733.5 (552.3–942.1)

0.1 (0.09–0.12)

South Asia

34.2 (25.8–44.2)

746.3 (566.1–953)

96.6 (72.5–124.0)

763.9 (577.7–972.9)

0.07 (0.07–0.08)

Southeast Asia

16.4 (12.5–21.2)

755.7 (570.4–967.1)

42.6 (32.2–54.5)

781.8 (589.3–998.6)

0.13 (0.12–0.14)

Southern Latin America

2.3 (1.7–2.9)

504.7 (378.9–645.2)

4.5 (3.5–5.7)

529.6 (400.6–675.9)

0.14 (0.08–0.21)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

1.1 (0.85–1.4)

455.5 (347.2–586)

2.3 (1.7–2.9)

449.4 (340.6–578.6)

−0.03 (−0.04--0.03)

Tropical Latin America

4.1 (3.1–5.3)

518 (391.9–666.7)

12.5 (9.5–16.1)

536 (408.5–690.8)

0.66 (0.47–0.85)

Western Europe

59.1 (45.0–75.1)

996 (764.6–1265.3)

82.1 (62.5–103.8)

886.7 (680.2–1124.2)

−0.23 (− 0.27--0.19)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

3.3 (2.5–4.2.3)

430.3 (326.8–550.3)

7.0 (5.3–9.0)

441.6 (334.5–568.1)

0.09 (0.06–0.13)