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Table 3 Studies included in the review

From: Barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity: a systematic review of reviews

First author and publication year

Study designs

Population groups

Domains

Barriers and facilitators investigated

AMSTAR-2 rating

Abaraogu U

2018 [14]

8 cross-sectional

4 cohort

5 qualitative

1 mixed-methods

Older adults

Leisure

Better skills

Better/More positive general social support

Existence of facilities within places

Higher motivation and having goals

More positive beliefs about consequences

More/Better knowledge

Participation in supervised activities

Worse health condition

Moderate

Aranda-Balboa M

2020 [15]

27 cross-sectional

Adults

Travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Better/More positive general social support

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Broekhuizen K

2014 [16]

17 observational

16 experimental

Children and adolescents

Education

Availability of personal equipment

Better general urban design and built environment

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Longer recess duration

Participation in supervised activities

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Brunton G

2005 [17]

5 experimental

5 qualitative

Children and adolescents

Leisure

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Better skills

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher motivation and having goals

Higher physical activity of friends and family

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Lower costs

More positive beliefs about consequences

Negative emotions

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Bunn F

2008 [18]

6 cross-sectional

4 experimental

14 qualitative

Adults

Leisure

Better quality of instructors

Better quality of physical activity programs

Better/More positive general social support

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

More/Better knowledge

Negative emotions

Positive past experiences

Moderate

Congello N

2018 [19]

1 experimental

3 qualitative

3 mixed-methods

Adults and older adults

Leisure

Better public transport provision

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from friends

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Craike M

2019 [20]

67 cross-sectional

6 cohort

Adults

Leisure

Better walkability

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

Quality and condition of places

Worse health condition

Worse perceived safety

Low

D’Haese S

2015 [21]

61 cross-sectional

4 cohort

Children

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better land use mix

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Better walkability

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Low

Day K

2018 [22]

143 cross-sectional

16 cohort

Adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure, travel, and work/education

Better general urban design and built environment

Better road safety

Low

Dennett R

2020 [23]

41 experimental

Adults and older adults

Leisure

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive support from friends

Better/More positive support from others

Higher motivation and having goals

More/Better knowledge

High

Elshahat S

2020 [24]

32 cross-sectional

1 case study

Adults and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better land use mix

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Better walkability

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Escalante Y

2014 [25]

8 experimental

Children and adolescents

Work/Education

Existence of facilities within places

Quality and condition of places

Low

Farrance C

2016 [26]

5 experimental

3 qualitative

2 mixed-methods

Older adults

Leisure

Better quality of instructors

Better quality of physical activity programs

Better/More positive social norms

More positive beliefs about consequences

Positive past experiences

Moderate

Hilland T

2020 [27]

32 cross-sectional

3 cohort

Adults and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better walkability

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

More positive beliefs about consequences

Quality and condition of places

Worse health condition

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Hutzler Y

2010 [28]

7 cross-sectional

12 experimental

4 qualitative

Adolescents and adults

Leisure

Better public transport provision

Better skills

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive support from family

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

Low

Ikeda E

2018 [29]

31 cross-sectional

5 cohort

1 case–control

Children and adolescents

Travel

Better land use mix

Better road safety

Better walkability

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Better/More positive support from others

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Jaarsma E

2014 [30]

51 cross-sectional

3 cohort

3 experimental

Adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure

Better general urban design and built environment

Better skills

Better/More positive social norms

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher motivation and having goals

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Lower costs

More positive beliefs about consequences

More/Better knowledge

Worse health condition

Moderate

Kärmeniemi M

2018 [31]

21 cohort

30 experimental

Children, adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better walkability

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Liangruenrom M

2019 [32]

167 cross-sectional

Children, adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure, travel, work/education, and household

Better general urban design and built environment

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Better/More positive support from others

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

More/Better knowledge

Positive past experiences

Worse health condition

Moderate

Lindsay Smith G

2017 [33]

22 cross-sectional

3 cohort

2 experimental

Older adults

Leisure

Better/More positive general social support

Negative emotions

Moderate

Lorenc T

2008 [34]

16 qualitative

Children, adolescents, and adults

Travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better road safety

Better skills

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Better/More positive support from others

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher motivation and having goals

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Lower costs

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

Negative emotions

Quality and condition of places

Worse health condition

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Maitland C

2013 [35]

38 observational

11 experimental

Adolescents

Leisure

Availability of personal equipment

Better/More positive support from family

Higher physical activity of friends and family

Moderate

Mendonça G

2014 [36]

64 cross-sectional

9 cohort

2 experimental

Adolescents

Leisure and travel

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Low

Olekszechen N

2016 [37]

25 cross-sectional

3 experimental

5 qualitative

Adults

Travel

Availability of personal equipment

Better land use mix

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Existence of facilities within places

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

More positive beliefs about consequences

Negative emotions

Positive past experiences

Low

Pan X

2021 [38]

14 cross-sectional

2 cohort

5 experimental

Children and adolescents

Travel

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

High

Pollard T

2017 [39]

36 cross-sectional

Adults and older adults

Leisure and travel

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

High

Pont K

2009 [40]

38 cross-sectional

Children and adolescents

Travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better road safety

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Rhodes R

2013 [41]

8 cross-sectional

52 cohort

Adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher motivation and having goals

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

More positive beliefs about capabilities

Negative emotions

Positive past experiences

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Rhodes R

2020 [42]

37 cross-sectional

9 cohort

Children, adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Higher motivation and having goals

More positive beliefs about consequences

Moderate

Ridgers N

2012 [43]

42 cross-sectional

11 not specified

Children and adolescents

Work/Education

Better quality of physical activity programs

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive social norms

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher motivation and having goals

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Longer recess duration

Participation in supervised activities

Quality and condition of places

Moderate

Rothman L

2018 [44]

61 cross-sectional

1 case–control

1 mixed-methods

Children and adolescents

Travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better road safety

Existence of active travel infrastructure

More positive beliefs about consequences

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Salvo G

2018 [45]

36 qualitative

Adults and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Better/More positive social norms

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Negative emotions

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Low

Scarapicchia T

2017 [46]

20 cohort

Adults

Leisure

Availability of personal equipment

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Positive past experiences

Moderate

Smith M

2017 [47]

15 cross-sectional

12 cohort

1 experimental

Children, adolescents, adults, and older adults

Travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better land use mix

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Moderate

Stanley R

2012 [48]

17 cross-sectional

5 experimental

Adolescents

Leisure and work/education

Availability of personal equipment

Better land use mix

Better quality of physical activity programs

Better/More positive general social support

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Better/More positive support from others

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Pleasure and fun with physical activity

Higher physical activity of friends and family

Longer recess duration

More positive beliefs about capabilities

More positive beliefs about consequences

Participation in supervised activities

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Stappers N

2018 [49]

1 cross-sectional

4 cohort

10 experimental

4 not specified

Adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better public transport provision

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Low

Tovar M

2018 [50]

21 cross-sectional

Adults and older adults

Leisure

Better/More positive general social support

More positive beliefs about capabilities

Worse health condition

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Van Cauwenberg J

2011 [51]

28 cross-sectional

3 cohort

Older adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better land use mix

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Better street connectivity

Better walkability

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Van Cauwenberg J

2018 [52]

71 cross-sectional

1 cohort

Older adults

Leisure

Better land use mix

Better public transport provision

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Low

Van Hecke L

2018 [53]

14 cross-sectional

17 qualitative

Adolescents

Leisure

Availability of personal equipment

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Quality and condition of places

Moderate

Van Holle V

2012 [54]

69 cross-sectional

1 cohort

Adults and older adults

Leisure and travel

Better general urban design and built environment

Better public transport provision

Better road safety

Better walkability

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate

Xiao C

2019 [55]

9 experimental

Adults

Travel

Better public transport provision

Moderate

Yarmohammadi, S

2019 [56]

20 cross-sectional

14 qualitative

Older adults

Leisure

Better general urban design and built environment

Better/More positive general social support

Existence of facilities within places

Higher motivation and having goals

Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours

Lower costs

More positive beliefs about consequences

Negative emotions

Participation in supervised activities

Quality and condition of places

Worse health condition

Moderate

Zhang R

2019 [57]

25 cross-sectional

Children, adolescents, adults, and older adults

Leisure

Better road safety

Better/More positive social norms

Better/More positive support from family

Better/More positive support from friends

Existence of active travel infrastructure

Existence of facilities within places

Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places

Quality and condition of places

Worse perceived safety

Moderate