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Table 1 Single-variable analysis of factors associated with clinic visits in previous 12 months

From: Factors associated with men’s health facility attendance as clients and caregivers in Malawi: a community-representative survey

Variable

  

Client visits in last 12 months

Caregiver visits in last 12 months

 

Overall

Attended client visit

No client visit

P value

Attended caregiver visit

No caregiver visit

P-value

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

All men

1116

(100%)

701

(63%)

415

(37%)

 

524

(47%)

592

(53%)

 

Harmful Gender Norm Beliefs

            

Violence scale - Top 20%

272

(24%)

168

(24%)

104

(25%)

0.68

101

(19%)

171

(29%)

0.00

Dominance scale - Top 20%

231

(21%)

135

(19%)

96

(23%)

0.12

90

(17%)

141

(24%)

0.01

Women’s roles scale - Top 20%

315

(28%)

205

(29%)

110

(27%)

0.33

126

(24%)

189

(32%)

0.00

Decision-making scale - Top 20%

308

(28%)

203

(29%)

105

(25%)

0.19

159

(30%)

149

(25%)

0.05

Sociodemographic Indicators

            

Age

      

0.60

    

0.00

 15–29 years

345

(31%)

224

(32%)

121

(29%)

 

126

(24%)

219

(37%)

 

 30–49 years

393

(35%)

245

(35%)

148

(36%)

 

230

(44%)

163

(28%)

 

 50 + years

378

(34%)

232

(33%)

146

(35%)

 

168

(32%)

210

(35%)

 

Household composition

            

 Married

824

(74%)

511

(73%)

313

(75%)

0.35

440

(84%)

384

(65%)

0.00

 Has children at home

820

(73%)

508

(72%)

312

(75%)

0.32

437

(83%)

383

(65%)

0.00

Distance from facility (km)

5.11

 

4.71

 

5.80

 

0.00

5.11

 

5.12

 

0.41

Economic indicators

            

 Assets index - mean score

1.88

 

1.95

 

1.76

 

0.09

1.86

 

1.90

 

0.43

 Formal or self-employment

663

(59%)

417

(59%)

246

(59%)

0.95

338

(65%)

325

(55%)

0.00

 Mobility (> 3 nights away/6 mo.)

299

(27%)

197

(28%)

102

(25%)

0.20

151

(29%)

148

(25%)

0.15

 Has savings

356

(32%)

230

(33%)

126

(30%)

0.40

178

(34%)

178

(30%)

0.16

 Attended secondary school

228

(20%)

152

(22%)

76

(18%)

0.18

110

(21%)

118

(20%)

0.66

Health Status

            

 Good or very good health

941

(84%)

583

(83%)

358

(86%)

0.17

447

(85%)

494

(83%)

0.39

Health system Factors

            

Quality problems composite (maximum 7)

1.22

 

1.19

 

1.26

 

0.00

1.22

 

1.22

 

0.72

 Service availability problems (2)

0.58

 

0.56

 

0.60

 

0.00

0.58

 

0.57

 

0.16

 Privacy problems (3)

0.24

 

0.24

 

0.25

 

0.09

0.24

 

0.24

 

0.26

 Medicine availability prob. (1)

0.27

 

0.27

 

0.28

 

0.07

0.27

 

0.27

 

0.74

 Cleanliness problems (1)

0.12

 

0.12

 

0.13

 

0.00

0.12

 

0.12

 

0.76

  1. ‡ Included in multivariable model as a control regardless of significance in single-variable analysis
A table comparing characteristics of men in the whole study sample, men who had and had not attended a client visit in the last 12 months, and men who had and had not attended a caregiver visit in the last 12 months.