Examining relationships between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and ideal cardiovascular health and whether psychosocial stressors modify observed relationships among JHS, MESA, and MASALA participants

Table 2 Prevalence ratios (PR) for CVH outcomes^* during exams concurrent or subsequent to neighborhood social cohesion

Outcome	Neighborhood social cohesion and visit product term in outcome model		High versus low neighborhood social cohesion PR (95% CI)		Medium versus low neighborhood social cohesion PR (95% CI)
Outcome			Unadjusted	Adjusted ^†	Unadjusted	Adjusted ^†
Primary (n = 6,086)
Ideal or intermediate versus poor CVH	Without product term		1.06 (1.01–1.10)	1.01 (0.97–1.05)	1.07 (1.03–1.11)	1.02 (0.98–1.06)
	With product term^‡	Visit 1	1.06 (1.01–1.10)	1.01 (0.96–1.05)	1.08 (1.01–1.12)	1.02 (0.98–1.06)
	With product term^‡	Visit 2	1.06 (0.99–1.12)	1.02 (0.96–1.08)	1.06 (1.03–1.12)	1.02 (0.96–1.07)
Secondary (n = 7,291)
Ideal or intermediate (but no poor) metrics versus 1 or more poor metrics	Without product term		1.00 (0.93–1.08)	1.01 (0.95–1.09)	1.06 (1.00-1.13)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)
	With product term^§	Visit 1	0.99 (0.92–1.07)	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	1.04 (0.98–1.11)	0.99 (0.93–1.05)
	With product term^§	Visit 2	1.03 (0.94–1.12)	1.00 (0.92–1.10)	1.09 (1.01–1.19)	1.03 (0.95–1.12)
Lower cardiovascular risk (0–1 poor metrics) versus non-lower cardiovascular risk (2–4 poor metrics)	Without product term		0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	1.03 (1.00-1.05)	1.01 (0.98–1.03)
	With product term^¶	Visit 1	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	1.03 (1.01–1.06)	1.01 (0.99–1.04)
	With product term^¶	Visit 2	1.01 (0.97–1.04)	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.99 (0.96–1.02)

Note: Each modified Poisson regression model accounted for clustering within neighborhood (i.e., census tract at Exam 1) [47]
^* Primary CVH outcomes were measured during Exams 1 and 2 in MASALA and Exams 1 and 5 in MESA. Secondary CVH outcomes included all cohort exams in JHS, MASALA, and MESA, except for JHS Exam 1 because exposure was assessed after JHS Exam 1
^† Each outcome model using modified Poisson regression was adjusted for age, sex/gender, race, nativity, geographic region, marital status, self-rated health, insurance, family CVD history, social support, education level, income, employment, anger, depressive symptoms, chronic stress, discrimination, neighborhood deprivation, and neighborhood safety
^‡ Neighborhood social cohesion and visit product term coefficients for unadjusted model: -0.01, 0.002, p = 0.82; adjusted model: -0.005, 0.01, p = 0.76
^§ Neighborhood social cohesion and visit product term coefficients for unadjusted model: 0.05, 0.03, p = 0.47; adjusted model: 0.05, -0.01, p = 0.32
^¶ Neighborhood social cohesion and visit product term coefficients for unadjusted model: -0.02, 0.02, p = 0.10; adjusted model: -0.02, -0.002, p = 0.31

ISSN: 1471-2458