Table 4 Potential interventions and intervention functions within each COM-B Domain and Theme
COM-B Domains | Themes | Intervention Functions | Potential Intervention Activities | Behaviors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Capability | Symptom Severity | Enablement | Provide additional means of outreach and data collection (SMS, email, web application) for those with moderate-severe illness | A, P |
Monitor symptoms during Isolation and Quarantine and provide direct linkages to medical care | I/Q | |||
Essential Knowledge | Education | Increase community awareness of testing locations and COVID-19 symptoms | T | |
Directly educate cases at time-of-testing that they will receive a contact tracing call | A | |||
Broadly educate the community that exposed contacts will receive a contact tracing call | A | |||
Educate clients (at testing sites and at the onset of contact tracing interviews) about the importance of contact tracing and how data will be protected | P | |||
Provide clear isolation and quarantine instructions | I/Q | |||
Opportunity | Structural Context | Enablement | Provide transportation for testing | T |
Make testing free for those without health insurance, and advertise its availability | T | |||
Hire contact tracers fluent in common non-English languages and have interpreter services available | A, P | |||
Incentivization | Offer paid work leave | A, P, I/Q | ||
Training | Train contact tracers to screen for and identify resource needs and provide linkages to local resources | I/Q | ||
Interpersonal Ties | Modeling | Encourage and equip community members to promote engagement amongst peer groups | T, A, P, I/Q | |
Encourage cases to inform their contacts that they will receive a contact tracing call, and provide suggestions about how to break the news | A, P | |||
Recruit community role models | T, A, P, I/Q | |||
Enablement | Establish a family point-of-contact to facilitate outreach when case is unavailable or unable to participate in the interview | A, P | ||
Help clients identify members of their social networks who may support them and give advice on how to break the news and seek help. | I/Q | |||
Motivation | Symptom Severity | Persuasion | Emphasize potential harms of breaking isolation or quarantine among asymptomatic clients | I/Q |
Anticipated Outcomes | Incentivization | Screen for social and medical support needs, link clients to services, and advertise available resources. | T, A, P, I/Q | |
Persuasion | Emphasize the benefits to family and/or community of participating fully in contact tracing | T, A, P, I/Q | ||
Trust in Authority | Persuasion | Establish trust in health systems and reduce fears regarding misuse of data via messaging campaigns that use peer- and provider-driven outreach; Caller ID; and representative, locally-based contact tracers | T, A, P, I/Q | |
Emotional Responses | Enablement | Allow clients to select the frequency and mode of communication to avoid intrusion, | T, A, P, I/Q | |
Equip tracers with a centralized and frequently updated database to reduce risk of frustrating cases and contacts with disorganized calls | P | |||
Advertise and provide access to hotlines, discussion forums, home-based activities | I/Q | |||
Persuasion | Use messages that emphasize the positive role one can play in protecting their community | P, I/Q | ||
Training | Equip contact tracers with skills to respond appropriately to client emotions during interview | P |