Skip to main content

Table 2 Associations between two exposures regarding night work, substance use and diet

From: Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use: longitudinal analyses from the CONSTANCES cohort

 

Men

  

Women

  
 

Unadjusted model

Fully-adjusted modela

 

Unadjusted model

Fully-adjusted modela

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Do you have (or have you had) work and travel times requiring you not to sleep at night at least 50 days/year?

Tobacco use

 Relapse of tobacco use among ex-smokers at baseline

15,452

  

15,464

  

  No

12,483 (80.8)

1.00

1.00

12,735 (82.4)

1.00

1.00

  Yes

2969 (19.2)

1.20 (1.06–1.36)

1.02 (0.90–1.15)

2729 (17.6)

1.17 (0.98–1.39)

1.21 (0.99–1.42)

 Changing status among ever-smokers at baseline

25,402

  

25,592

  

  Smokers at baseline and remained current smokers at follow-up

7145 (28.2)

1.00

1.00

7146 (27.9)

1.00

1.00

  Smokers at baseline and stopped at follow-up

2805 (11.0)

0.71 (0.61–0.82)

0.93 (0.81–1.07)

2982 (11.6)

0.80 (0.66–0.96)

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

  Ex-smokers at baseline and remained ex-smokers at follow-up

12,483 (49.1)

0.85 (0.78–0.93)

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

12,735 (49.8)

0.80 (0.71–0.90)

0.86 (0.77–0.96)

  Ex-smokers at baseline and relapsed at follow-up

2969 (11.7)

1.02 (0.90–1.17)

1.03 (0.91–1.16)

2729 (10.7)

0.93 (0.78–1.12)

1.03 (0.88–1.21)

Cannabis use

 Cannabis use among ever-users at baseline

17,924

  

16,304

  

  No use in the past 12 months

16,817 (93.8)

1.00

1.00

15,514 (95.1)

1.00

1.00

  Use in the past 12 months, < 1/month

930 (5.2)

0.82 (0.64–1.04)

0.91 (0.73–1.14)

628 (3.9)

1.20 (0.87–1.64)

1.12 (0.83–1.50)

  Use in the past 12 months, ≥1/month

177 (1.0)

1.54 (1.02–2.34)

1.54 (1.07–2.23)

162 (1.0)

0.59 (0.26–1.34)

0.55 (0.26–1.19)

Alcohol use (WHO risk levels)

35,647

  

39,767

  

 Low risk

27,554 (77.3)

1.00

1.00

22,246 (55.9)

1.00

1.00

 No use

4977 (14.0)

1.28 (1.16–1.41)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

10,785 (27.1)

1.17 (1.06–1.29)

1.04 (0.95–1.14)

 At risk

3116 (8.7)

1.09 (0.96–1.23)

0.99 (0.87–1.12)

6736 (17.0)

0.93 (0.82–1.06)

0.94 (0.84–1.06)

Diet rich in sugar and fat

35,647

  

39,767

  

 First quartile

8842 (24.8)

1.00

1.00

9861 (24.8)

1.00

1.00

 Second quartile

8981 (25.2)

0.98 (0.89–1.08)

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

10,022 (25.2)

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

 Third quartile

8912 (25.0)

0.91 (0.83–1.01)

0.92 (0.84–1.01)

9942 (25.0)

0.99 (0.88–1.12)

1.07 (0.95–1.19)

 Fourth quartile

8912 (25.0)

0.79 (0.72–0.88)

0.86 (0.78–0.95)

9942 (25.0)

0.99 (0.88–1.12)

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

Do you have (or have you had) work and travel times requiring you to go to bed after midnight at least 50 days/year?

Tobacco use

 Relapse of tobacco use among ex-smokers at baseline

15,452

  

15,464

  

  No

12,483 (80.8)

1.00

1.00

12,735 (82.4)

1.00

1.00

  Yes

2969 (19.2)

1.33 (1.20–1.48)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

2729 (17.6)

1.39 (1.21–1.60)

1.25 (1.09–1.43)

 Changing status among ever-smokers at baseline

25,402

  

25,592

  

  Smokers at baseline and remained current smokers at follow-up

7145 (28.2)

1.00

1.00

7146 (27.9)

1.00

1.00

  Smokers at baseline and stopped at follow-up

2805 (11.0)

0.83 (0.74–0.94)

0.92 (0.83–1.02)

2982 (11.6)

0.79 (0.69–0.91)

0.81 (0.72–0.91)

  Ex-smokers at baseline and remained ex-smokers at follow-up

12,483 (49.1)

0.77 (0.71–0.83)

0.90 (0.84–0.97)

12,735 (49.8)

0.64 (0.58–0.71)

0.78 (0.72–0.84)

  Ex-smokers at baseline and relapsed at follow-up

2969 (11.7)

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

2729 (10.7)

0.89 (0.77–1.03)

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

Cannabis use

 Cannabis use among ever-users at baseline

17,924

  

16,304

  

 No use in the past 12 months

16,817 (93.8)

1.00

1.00

15,514 (95.1)

1.00

1.00

 Use in the past 12 months, < 1/month

930 (5.2)

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

1.06 (0.90–1.25)

628 (3.9)

1.67 (1.34–2.10)

1.32 (1.08–1.61)

 Use in the past 12 months, ≥1/month

177 (1.0)

1.46 (1.03–2.08)

1.40 (1.02–1.91)

162 (1.0)

1.29 (0.81–2.07)

0.88 (0.58–1.34)

Alcohol use (WHO risk levels)

35,647

  

39,767

  

 Low risk

27,554 (77.3)

1.00

1.00

22,246 (55.9)

1.00

1.00

 No use

4977 (14.0)

1.11 (1.02–1.20)

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

10,785 (27.1)

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

 At risk

3116 (8.7)

1.22 (1.11–1.35)

1.12 (1.02–1.24)

6736 (17.0)

1.25 (1.13–1.37)

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

Diet rich in sugar and fat

35,647

  

39,767

  

 First quartile

8842 (24.8)

1.00

1.00

9861 (24.8)

1.00

1.00

 Second quartile

8981 (25.2)

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

0.94 (0.87–1.01)

10,022 (25.2)

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

 Third quartile

8912 (25.0)

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

0.96 (0.89–1.03)

9942 (25.0)

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

0.94 (0.87–1.02)

 Fourth quartile

8912 (25.0)

0.88 (0.81–0.96)

0.91 (0.95–0.98)

9942 (25.0)

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

0.91 (0.83–0.99)

  1. aAdjusted for age (years, continuous), occupational grade (low; medium; high), educational level (levels of based on the 2011 International Standard Classification of Education, continuous), household income (€/month, continuous) and baseline depression (yes; no). Adjustments for level of consumption at baseline were performed for alcohol use and diet rich in sugar and fat
  2. Relapse was defined as: no (remained non-smokers at follow-up) and yes (became current smokers at follow-up)
  3. World Health Organization (WHO) risk level classification were used as follows: low risk (1–27 drinks/week in men and 1–13 in women), no use, and at risk (≥28 drinks/week in men and ≥ 14 in women)
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us