Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from bivariate and multivariable GLMM for significant correlates of housing status

Age (per year older)

0.91 (0.88–0.95)***

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

0.96 (0.93–0.99)**

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

1.04 (1.01–1.07)*

Sexual Minority^a

2.16 (1.21–3.87)**

1.41 (0.95–2.10)

1.26 (0.69–2.28)

Gender minority^a

2.32 (0.99–5.42)

0.69 (0.38–1.25)

0.71 (0.28–1.78)

Race^b

    Indigenous

    Otherwise racialized

1.20 (0.65–2.23)

0.42 (0.13–1.39)

1.01 (0.67–1.53)

0.81 (0.39–1.68)

1.16 (0.63–2.14)

0.48 (0.15–1.53)

Currently live in DTES

7.72 (4.71–12.66)***

2.58 (1.72–3.89) ***

3.61 (2.20–5.93) ***

5.22 (3.06–8.90)***

2.20 (1.42–3.43)***

3.30 (1.94–5.60)***

Food insecurity^a,c

1.58 (1.02–2.45)*

1.14 (0.82–1.57)

1.04 (0.68–1.57)

Employment^c,d

    None

    Sex work

2.02 (0.98–4.20)

7.09 (3.22–15.62)***

0.71 (0.45–1.10)

1.53 (0.91–2.56)

1.23 (0.67–2.28)

1.52 (0.75–3.06)

1.16 (0.55–2.46)

2.58 (1.11–6.00)*

0.57 (0.36–0.90)*

1.16 (0.65–2.07)

1.21 (0.64–2.28)

1.23 (0.57–2.65)

Incarceration, lifetime

3.00 (1.54–5.83)**

1.91 (1.25–2.91)**

3.15 (1.61–6.15)***

1.28 (0.63–2.62)

1.31 (0.83–2.05)

2.21 (1.13–4.34)*

Hospitalization^c

4.32 (2.47–7.57)***

7.20 (4.43–11.71)***

1.00 (0.54–1.84)

4.93 (2.66–9.12)***

7.86 (4.65–13.30)***

1.07 (0.55–2.06)

Stimulant use^c

5.77 (3.63–9.18)***

1.78 (1.29–2.47)***

3.01 (1.96–4.62)***

2.69 (1.56–4.61)***

1.06 (0.72–1.55)

2.32 (1.42–3.77)***

Opioid use^a,c

3.63 (2.35–5.62)***

1.51 (1.08–2.11)*

1.74 (1.15–2.64)**

Overdose^c

3.07 (1.38–6.81)**

1.81 (0.89–3.68)

1.37 (0.60–3.14)

Physical/sexual violence^c

6.67 (3.77–11.83)***

3.12 (1.88–5.18)***

1.74 (0.94–3.22)

4.71 (2.56–8.68)***

3.00 (1.76–5.13)***

1.62 (0.86–3.05)