The association of smartphone screen time with sleep problems among adolescents and young adults: cross-sectional findings from India

Maurya, Chanda; Muhammad, T.; Maurya, Priya; Dhillon, Preeti

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14076-x

Table 2 Bivariate association of sleep problem and background characteristics among adolescents and young adults, stratified by sex

From: The association of smartphone screen time with sleep problems among adolescents and young adults: cross-sectional findings from India

Variables	Adolescents		Female-Male difference	Young adults		Female-Male difference
Variables	Female	Male	p < 0.05	Female	Male	p < 0.05
Time spent on mobile phone
None	20.86	14.61	6.25*	31.32	26.74	4.58*
= < 2 hour	30.23	16.26	13.97*	37.32	19.51	17.81*
> 2 hour	38.51	22.46	16.05*	44.34	23.47	20.86*
Marrital status
Unmarried	24.76	16.88	7.88*	28.57	21.49	7.08*
Married	37.98	10.34	27.63*	41.19	19.77	21.42*
Education
Illiterate	29.75	19.15	10.60*	39.23	29.69	9.54*
Primary and secondary	25.08	13.92	11.15*	37.27	18.32	18.96*
Higher	28.53	19.62	8.90*	35.03	21.63	13.40*
Social media exposure
No	25.25	12.38	12.87*	35.60	18.87	16.73*
Yes	32.40	19.79	12.61*	37.88	21.99	15.89*
Physical activity
No	25.93	15.57	10.36*	34.56	18.86	15.71*
Low activity	36.83	20.33	16.50*	48.92	29.04	19.88*
High activity	29.61	17.10	12.51*	42.95	20.15	22.80*
Sedentary behaviour
No	28.44	16.54	11.90*	35.49	18.98	16.51*
< =14 hours	26.38	15.66	10.73*	37.05	21.27	15.78*
> 14 hours	28.99	23.10	5.88*	34.81	25.00	9.81*
Substance use
No	26.93	16.41	10.52*	36.02	19.79	16.23*
Yes	36.67	18.33	18.33*	42.73	23.39	19.34*
Number of friends
No	25.44	11.76	13.68	35.15	6.25	28.90*
1 to 4	26.02	13.86	12.16*	36.01	19.75	16.26*
More than	29.37	19.11	10.25*	37.30	22.83	14.47*
Parental coresidence
No	27.59	15.38	12.20	24.52	22.37	2.15
Only one parent	27.01	15.90	11.11*	34.26	25.08	9.18*
Both	27.31	16.99	10.32*	36.72	26.33	10.40*
Paid work in last 12 months
No	26.87	0.16	26.71*	35.88	19.34	16.54*
Yes	28.89	19.40	9.48*	37.77	22.70	15.07*
Religion
Hindu	27.59	16.63	10.96*	36.52	21.80	14.72*
Non-Hindu	26.18	17.74	8.44*	35.44	18.96	16.48*
Caste
SC/ST	29.38	15.51	13.88*	37.98	21.88	16.10*
OBC	27.24	17.41	9.83*	36.45	21.17	15.28*
Others	24.60	16.55	8.05*	33.36	21.14	12.21*
Mother’s education
Illiterate	27.96	16.28	11.68*	36.98	21.84	15.15*
Literate	25.70	17.80	7.89*	34.38	20.46	13.92*
Wealth index
Poor	28.60	15.43	13.17*	38.54	19.13	19.41*
Middle	27.61	13.43	14.18*	37.81	18.83	18.98*
Rich	26.31	19.00	7.31*	34.44	22.95	11.49*
Place of residence
Urban	30.68	19.07	11.61*	36.95	23.93	13.02*
Rural	24.72	15.16	9.56*	35.83	18.91	16.92*
State
Uttar Pradesh	20.43	12.77	7.67*	30.13	17.33	12.79*
Bihar	32.72	20.67	12.05*	41.86	26.33	15.53*

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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