Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for worsening physical, mental and behavioural outcomes during the pandemic

Loneliness (last week)

 Never lonely

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Occasionally lonely

3.20*

(2.87—3.57)

1.58*

(1.43—1.76)

1.81*

(1.63—2.01)

1.73*

(1.56—1.93)

1.32*

(1.15—1.50)

1.34*

(1.21—1.48)

 Often lonely

8.33*

(6.95—9.99)

2.22*

(1.90—2.60)

3.29*

(2.80—3.86)

2.45*

(2.07—2.89)

1.37*

(1.12—1.66)

1.39*

(1.19—1.62)

 Always lonely

8.03*

(6.09—10.60)

2.82*

(2.20—3.62)

3.57*

(2.77—4.59)

2.41*

(1.86—3.11)

1.39*

(1.02—1.91)

1.29*

(1.02—1.64)

Age group (years)

 18–34

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 35–54

1.35*

(1.13—1.61)

1.33*

(1.13—1.57)

1.51*

(1.27—1.79)

1.39*

(1.18—1.64)

1.31*

(1.08—1.60)

1.19*

(1.02—1.40)

 55–74

0.87

(0.73—1.04)

1.04

(0.88—1.22)

1.12

(0.94—1.32)

1.27*

(1.08—1.49)

0.93

(0.76—1.14)

1.06

(0.90—1.24)

 ≥ 75

0.45*

(0.35—0.57)

0.99

(0.80—1.22)

1.12

(0.90—1.39)

0.79*

(0.64—0.97)

0.55*

(0.41—0.75)

0.79*

(0.64—0.98)

Sex

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.53*

(1.38—1.69)

1.34*

(1.22—1.46)

1.24*

(1.13—1.36)

1.09

(1.00—1.19)

1.05

(0.94—1.19)

1.75*

(1.59—1.91)

Minority ethnic group

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.67*

(0.49—0.92)

0.89

(0.66—1.18)

1.06

(0.79—1.43)

0.66*

(0.50—0.88)

0.51*

(0.33—0.79)

0.88

(0.66—1.18)

Chronic health condition^a

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.21*

(1.08—1.35)

1.44*

(1.31—1.60)

3.29*

(2.80—3.86)

0.89*

(0.80—0.98)

0.75*

(0.65—0.86)

1.12*

(1.01—1.23)

Had COVID-19

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes, and now recovered

1.30*

(1.13—1.50)

1.45*

(1.28—1.65)

1.48*

(1.30—1.69)

1.02

(0.90—1.16)

1.05

(0.89—1.23)

1.10

(0.97—1.25)

 Yes, and currently have symptoms

1.79*

(1.33—2.40)

2.49*

(1.88—3.29)

3.79*

(2.83—5.08)

1.07

(0.81—1.41)

0.76

(0.52—1.11)

1.11

(0.85—1.46)

 Don't know

1.24

(1.00—1.54)

1.27*

(1.04—1.55)

1.37*

(1.12—1.69)

1.14

(0.93—1.40)

0.90

(0.69—1.17)

1.07

(0.88—1.31)

Employment status

 Employed

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Unemployed

0.89

(0.71—1.12)

0.98

(0.79—1.21)

0.88

(0.71—1.10)

0.70*

(0.57—0.87)

0.69*

(0.52—0.91)

0.96

(0.78—1.19)

 Other^b

0.95

(0.84—1.07)

1.15*

(1.03—1.28)

1.55*

(1.40—1.72)

0.83*

(0.75—0.93)

0.67*

(0.58—0.78)

0.87*

(0.78—0.98)

Financial situation

 The same

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Much better

0.88

(0.70—1.12)

0.83

(0.66—1.03)

0.95

(0.76—1.20)

0.98

(0.80—1.21)

1.26

(0.97—1.64)

0.82

(0.66—1.02)

 A bit better

1.14

(0.98—1.33)

1.09

(0.95—1.25)

0.98

(0.84—1.13)

1.01

(0.88—1.16)

1.30*

(1.10—1.54)

0.97

(0.84—1.11)

 A bit worse

2.12*

(1.82—2.47)

1.47*

(1.28—1.69)

1.54*

(1.34—1.78)

1.32*

(1.14—1.53)

0.99

(0.82—1.19)

1.05

(0.92—1.21)

 Much worse

3.54*

(2.87—4.38)

1.92*

(1.59—2.32)

2.19*

(1.81—2.65)

1.68*

(1.38—2.04)

1.44*

(1.16—1.79)

1.24*

(1.04—1.49)

Deprivation quintile

 5—Least deprived

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 4

0.88

(0.76—1.02)

0.91

(0.80—1.05)

0.93

(0.81—1.07)

0.92

(0.81—1.05)

0.88

(0.75—1.04)

0.97

(0.85—1.11)

 3

0.86

(0.74—1.00)

0.89

(0.78—1.02)

0.93

(0.81—1.08)

0.82*

(0.71—0.93)

0.70*

(0.59—0.83)

0.93

(0.81—1.06)

 2

0.82*

(0.71—0.96)

1.05

(0.91—1.20)

1.08

(0.94—1.24)

0.82*

(0.72—0.94)

0.70*

(0.59—0.83)

1.03

(0.90—1.17)

 1—Most deprived

0.82*

(0.70—0.96)

1.10

(0.95—1.26)

1.18*

(1.02—1.37)

0.79*

(0.69—0.91)

0.64*

(0.53—0.77)

1.09

(0.95—1.26)