Table 4 General and methodological characteristics of included studies (n = 20)

Publication year

n (%)

Article citations

2017

1 (5.0)

[71]

2018

2 (10.0)

[72, 73]

2019

11 (55.0)

[16, 40, 57, 74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81]

2020

4 (20.0)

[8, 82,83,84]

2021

2 (10.0)

[5, 44]

Canadian Province/Territory

n (%)

Article citations

Alberta

2 (10.0)

[5, 81]

British Colombia

0 (0.0)

–

Manitoba

1 (5.0)

[76]

New Brunswick

0 (0.0)

–

Newfoundland and Labrador

1 (5.0)

[84]

Nova Scotia

1 (5.0)

[78]

Ontario

5 (25.0)

[16, 44, 71, 72, 75]

Prince Edward Island

1 (5.0)

[80]

Quebec

1 (5.0)

[8]

Saskatchewan

4 (20.0)

[57, 77, 82, 83]

Northwest Territories

3 (15.0)

[73, 74, 79]

Nunavut

1 (5.0)

[40]

Yukon

0 (0.0)

–

Indigenous Nation focus

n (%)

Article citations

First Nations (FN)

7 (35.0)

[8, 16, 57, 72, 78,79,80]

Métis

–

–

Inuit

3 (15.0)

[40, 74, 84]

Multiple nations (mix of FN, Inuit and/or Métis reported in study)

10 (50.0)

[5, 44, 71, 73, 75,76,77, 81,82,83]

Study type

n (%)

Article citations

Qualitative

16 (80.0)

[5, 8, 40, 44, 57, 72,73,74,75,76,77, 80,81,82,83]

Quantitative

1 (5.0)

[16]

Mixed methods

3 (15.0)

[71, 78, 79]

Study design

n (%)

Article citations^a

PAR, CBPR, Photovoice

11 (55.0)

[8, 40, 44, 57, 72, 74,75,76,77, 79, 84]

Ethnography

2 (10.0)

[5, 75]

Cross-sectional study

2 (10.0)

[16, 71]

Evaluation design (Descriptive, or inferential including pre-post implementation design)

5 (25.0)

[73, 74, 78, 81, 84]

Case study

2 (10.0)

[44, 83]

Theoretical

2 (10.0)

[82, 83]

Indigenous research methods

7 (35.0)

[77,78,79,80,81,82,83]

Data collection methods

n (%)

Article citations^a

Interviews, focus groups, discussion circles

17 (85.0)

[5, 8, 40, 44, 57, 71,72,73, 75,76,77, 79,80,81,82,83,84]

Photovoice, visual voice, art-based methods

8 (40.0)

[44, 57, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, 84]

Semi-structured surveys

4 (20.0)

[5, 73, 74, 78]

Structured surveys

4 (20.0)

[16, 71, 78, 79]

Observations, reflections, fieldnotes

8 (40.0)

[5, 57, 73, 75, 79,80,81, 83]

Youth engagement

n (%)

Article citations

Youth-led

2 (10.0)

[5, 71]

Youth/adult co-led

16 (80.0)

[8, 40, 44, 57, 72, 73, 75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84]

Adult-led

1 (5.0)

[74]

Not specified

1 (5.0)

[16]

Youth engagement strategies utilized

n (%)

Article citations

Cultural activities (e.g., drumming, singing, dancing, hunting, fishing, etc.)

7 (35.0)

[8, 57, 71, 72, 74, 79, 82]

Non-cultural activities (e.g., non-traditional social and physical activities, including research and training workshops)

12 (60.0)

[5, 40, 44, 73, 75,76,77,78, 80, 81, 83, 84]

Not specified

1 (5.0)

[16]