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Table 2 Region-specific CMV seroprevalence (according to sex and age) and CMV shedding (according to age)

From: A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development

 

Australia

Europe

Israel

Japan

Latin America

Canada and the United States

Total

Seroprevalence of CMV IgG by sex, % (95% CIa)

 Men [32, 33]

NR

39.3 (34.9–43.8)

NR

NR

NR

48.0b

39.3–48.0

 Women of reproductive age [32, 34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]

NR

45.6–95.7

NR

60.2b

58.3–94.5

24.6–81.0

24.6–95.7

 Aged 13–20 yearsc [37, 44]

NR

94.6b

NR

NR

86.5b

NR

86.5–94.6

 Aged 20–30 yearsc [36, 37, 41, 44, 45]

NR

58.5–94.9

NR

NR

91.3b

54.4b

54.4–94.9

 Aged 30–40 yearsc [36, 37, 40, 41, 45,46,47]

NR

62.3–95.7

NR

NR

NR

40.0–59.7%

40.0–95.7

 Aged 40–50 yearsc [40, 45]

NR

87.7b

NR

NR

NR

69.8b

69.8–87.7

Seroprevalence of CMV IgM by sex, % (95% CIa)

 Mend

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

 Women of reproductive age [34, 36, 41,42,43,44,45]

NR

1.0–4.6

NR

0.8b

0.0–0.7

2.3–4.5

0.0–4.6

 Aged 20–30 yearsc [41, 45]

NR

1.0–2.0

NR

NR

NR

4.5b

1.0–2.0

 Aged 30–40 yearsc [41, 45]

NR

2.8b

NR

NR

NR

2.3b

2.3–2.8

 Aged 40–50 yearsc [45]

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

2.4b

2.4

Seroprevalence of CMV IgG by age, % (95% CIa)

 Adults (≥ 19 years) [32, 33, 35,36,37, 40,41,42, 44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]

NR

44.4–95.7

NR

67.2–70.9

59.1–91.3

33.0–81.0

33.0–95.7

 Elderly (≥ 60 years) [35, 51, 56, 57]

NR

64.5–97.7

NR

NR

NR

NR

64.5–97.7

Age intervals

 12–20 yearsc [35, 37, 44, 45]

NR

70.3–94.6

NR

NR

86.5b

47.3b

47.3–94.6

 20–30 yearsc [36, 37, 41, 44, 45, 51]

NR

58.5–94.9

NR

NR

91.3b

54.4b

54.4–94.9

 30–40 yearsc [33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45, 46, 51]

NR

62.3–95.7

NR

NR

NR

40.0–59.7

40.0–95.7

 40–50 yearsc [33, 40, 45, 51]

NR

85.3–87.7

NR

NR

NR

67.0–69.8

67.0–87.7

 50–60 yearsc [33, 51]

NR

91.5 (87.8–94.4)

NR

NR

NR

61.0b

61.0–91.5

 60–100 yearsc [35, 51, 56, 57]

NR

64.5–97.7

NR

NR

NR

NR

64.5–97.7

Seroprevalence of CMV IgM by age, % (95% CIa)

 Adults (≥ 19 years) [41, 45, 51]

NR

1.0–6.7

NR

NR

NR

2.3–4.5

1.0–6.7

 Elderly (≥ 60 years) [51]

NR

3.5 (1.7–6.3)

NR

NR

NR

NR

3.5 (1.7–6.3)

Age intervals

 12–19 yearsc [45]

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

2.6b

2.6

 19–30 yearsc [41, 45, 51]

NR

1.0–6.7

NR

NR

NR

4.5b

1.0–6.7

 30–40 yearsc [41, 45, 51]

NR

2.4–2.8

NR

NR

NR

2.3b

2.3–2.8

 40–50 yearsc [45, 51]

NR

4.3 (2.3–7.4)

NR

NR

NR

2.4b

2.4–4.3

 50–60 yearsc [51]

NR

4.3 (2.3–7.2)

NR

NR

NR

NR

4.3 (2.3–7.2)

 60–100 yearsc [51]

NR

3.5 (1.7–6.3)

NR

NR

NR

NR

3.5 (1.7–6.3)

CMV shedding by age (regardless of diagnostic method), % (95% CIa)

 Newborns/infants [48]

NR

0.0b

NR

NR

NR

NR

0.0b

 Newborns/infants to adolescents

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

 Newborns/infants to children [48, 58, 59]

NR

11.0–51.9

NR

NR

NR

17.0b

11.0–51.9

 Children [48]

NR

5.2b

NR

NR

NR

NR

5.2b

 Adolescents [48]

NR

0.0b

NR

NR

NR

NR

0.0b

 Adolescents to adults [60]

NR

70.2b

NR

NR

NR

NR

70.2b

  1. CI Confidence interval, CMV Cytomegalovirus, IgG Immunoglobulin G, IgM Immunoglobulin M, NR Not reported
  2. aSingle measure estimates are presented with 95% CIs (if available in primary publication)
  3. bConfidence intervals were not reported in primary publication
  4. cAge ranges with single-year overlap were empirically determined to account for variable age ranges and lack of single-year data in primary publications
  5. dData for 10-year-old age groups have not been identified