Table 1 Wellbeing and lifestyle outcomes up to T2 with control comparison

Life Satisfaction

7.98 ± 1.71

7.76 ± 1.71

0.285

8.56 ± 1.45**

7.69 ± 1.64

0.000 *

Life Worth

8.20 ± 1.61

7.91 ± 1.66

0.063

8.89 ± 1.29**

7.93 ± 1.72

0.000*

Self-rated health [1 = Excellent 5 = Poor]

2.84 ± 0.96

3.18 ± 0.91

0.002 *

2.54 ± 0.94**

2.92 ± 0.94**

0.003 *

Like finding out about one’s health [1 = Often 4 = Never]

1.82 ± 0.84

1.83 ± 0.87

0.910

1.43 ± 0.70**

1.77 ± 0.92

0.001*

Mental Wellbeing (SWEMWBS)

26.78 ± 4.89

26.94 ± 4.77

0.776

30.81 ± 4.79**

26.62 ± 4.93

0.000 *

Depression Prevalence [1 = probable depression 4 = high mental wellbeing]

3.34 ± 0.70

3.40 ± 0.63

0.466

3.73 ± 0.53**

3.35 ± 0.73

0.000 *

Certainty managing mental health [1 = very certain 5 = very uncertain]

2.11 ± 0.96

2.09 ± 0.90

0.831

1.38 ± 0.72**

2.16 ± 0.98

0.000 *

Comfort conversing about mental health [1 = very certain 5 = very uncertain]

2.11 ± 0.96

2.09 ± 0.90

0.831

1.38 ± 0.72**

2.16 ± 0.98

0.000 *

Feel equipped with mental health supports [1 = very certain 5 = very uncertain]

2.37 ± 1.08

2.33 ± 1.07

0.744

1.44 ± 0.72**

2.33 ± 0.99

0.000 *

Loneliness (3-item UCLA)

3.31 ± 0.89

3.25 ± 0.79

0.602

3.40 ± 0.97

3.32 ± 1.05

0.539

Social Capital Trust

6.82 ± 1.98

6.38 ± 1.64

0.053

7.51 ± 1.87**

6.44 ± 1.42

0.000 *

Social Capital: Belonging [1 = Strongly Agree 4 = Strongly Disagree]

1.32 ± 0.54

1.22 ± 0.44

0.120

1.11 ± 0.33**

1.12 ± 0.34

0.634

Social Capital: Close support [1 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Strongly Disagree]

1.29 ± 0.51

1.35 ± 0.61

0.355

1.11 ± 0.35**

1.27 ± 0.50)

0.002 *

Utility Scores

[Scale 0–1, higher scores indicate improved utility]

0.79 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.12

0.195

0.83 ± 0.10**

0.79 ± 0.13

0.005 *

Days of Week Physically Active

3.07 ± 2.57

2.83 ± 2.40

0.434

4.32 ± 2.86**

3.09 ± 2.49

0.001 *

Days walking per week for ≥10 mins

4.14 ± 2.78

4.14 ± 2.39

0.997

5.78 ± 2.29**

4.05 ± 2.46

0.000 *

Physical activity self-efficacy

53.17 ± 20.99

52.54 ± 21.23

0.801

64.85 ± 19.67**

50.72 ± 22.15

0.000 *

Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines

32%

29%

0.732

47%**

36%

0.000 *

Portions of Daily Fruit & Vegetables

3.36 ± 1.76

3.15 ± 1.71

0.310

3.88 ± 1.77**

3.27 ± 1.77

0.010 *

Cooking Habits [1 = don’t cook at all, 4 = cook meals from scratch]

2.83 ± 1.37

2.56 ± 1.39

0.100

3.12 ± 1.31**

2.52 ± 1.45

0.001 *

Cooking Frequency [1 = Often 4 = Never]

2.12 ± 1.13

2.14 ± 1.06

0.911

1.88 ± 1.01**

2.13 ± 1.09

0.076

Total cooking and food preparation confidence scores (higher scores indicates increased confidence)

33.16 ± 10.55

31.64 ± 10.98

0.232

39.30 ± 8.68 **

32.25 ± 10.79

0.000*

Alcohol Days per week

1.58 ± 1.71

1.44 ± 1.81

0.519

1.22 ± 1.59 **

1.42 ± 1.76

0.351

Alcohol Units per session

5.81 ± 8.08

4.83 ± 4.79

0.301

3.59 ± 3.97**

6.54 ± 8.60**

0.000*