Males | Females | Main effect | |
---|---|---|---|
Categorical variables | % | % | χ2 (df), p, φ |
Irish nationality | 73.8 | 70.0 | 1.90 (1), .168, .04 |
Grew up in Ireland | 79.7 | 78.7 | 0.15 (1), .697, .01 |
Irish ethnicity | 76.9 | 73.7 | 1.40 (1), .238, .04 |
Living location | 10.39 (3), .015, .10 | ||
City | 21.5 | 18.8 | |
Suburb | 21.5 | 21.5 | |
Town | 31.6 | 25.7a | |
Rural | 25.4 | 34.0a | |
In a relationship | 76.1 | 66.0 | 12.48 (1), < .001, .11 |
Living alone | 13.6 | 11.9 | 0.65 (1), .420, .03 |
Attended university | 72.2 | 69.8 | 0.74 (1), .390, .03 |
Employment status | 62.20 (3), < .001, .25 | ||
Full-time employed | 52.5 | 34.1a | |
Part-time employed | 11.4 | 24.1a | |
Unemployed | 16.6 | 27.8a | |
Retired | 19.5 | 14.0a | |
2019 income level | 54.65 (4), < .001, .23 | ||
€0-€20,000 | 16.8 | 26.9a | |
€20,000-€29,999 | 18.5 | 21.6 | |
€30,000-€39,999 | 15.8 | 23.7a | |
€40,000-€49,999 | 15.0 | 11.2 | |
€50,000 or above | 33.9 | 16.6a | |
Chronic illness—self | 26.0 | 22.6 | 1.61 (1), .205, .04 |
Chronic illness—family | 29.2 | 38.6 | 10.12 (1), .001, .10 |
COVID-19 infection—self | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.05 (1), .829, .01 |
COVID-19 infection—family | 3.2 | 3.5 | 0.07 (1), .791, .01 |
COVID-19 death | 5.3 | 3.2 | 2.83 (1), .092, .05 |
Increased childcare | 17.0 | 22.0 | 4.03 (1), .045, .06 |
Increased housework | 28.4 | 36.9 | 8.50 (1), .004, .09 |
Increased elderly care | 16.6 | 17.2 | 0.05 (1), .820, .01 |
Increased unsafe | 6.3 | 9.5 | 3.65 (1), .056, .06 |
Increased IPV | 4.9 | 3.4 | 1.45 (1), .221, .04 |
Continuous variables | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t, p, Cohen’s d |
Age | 48.30 (14.95) | 41.73 (15.85) | 6.82, < .001, .43 |
Number of children in home | 1.73 (1.07) | 1.67 (0.97) | 0.95, .344, .06 |
Number of adults in home | 2.28 (1.01) | 2.44 (1.19) | 2.35, .019, .14 |
COVID-19 anxiety | 58.60 (26.87) | 63.37 (26.21) | 2.88, .004, .18 |
Perceived risk of infection | 37.06 (23.89) | 38.05 (24.94) | 0.65, .515, .04 |
Financial worries | 5.29 (2.85) | 5.43 (3.00) | 0.77, .441, .05 |
Income change | -8.77 (27.92) | -10.61 (29.22) | 1.03, .303, .06 |
Openness | 6.67 (1.65) | 6.64 (1.66) | 0.32, .747, .02 |
Conscientiousness | 8.06 (1.71) | 8.39 (1.76) | 2.98, .003, .19 |
Extraversion | 6.07 (1.88) | 6.20 (1.93) | 1.03, .302, .07 |
Agreeableness | 7.00 (1.61) | 7.03 (1.66) | 0.25, .799, .02 |
Neuroticism | 5.29 (2.00) | 6.02 (2.07) | 5.77, < .001, .36 |
Internal locus of control | 11.83 (4.56) | 12.13 (4.25) | 1.10, .270, .07 |
Identification with others | 31.77 (7.60) | 33.32 (7.13) | 3.38, .001, .21 |
Religious beliefs | 22.32 (6.60) | 23.27 (5.85) | 2.44, .015, .15 |
Intolerance of uncertainty | 38.29 (12.28) | 37.46 (12.65) | 1.07, .287, .07 |
Loneliness | 4.84 (1.84) | 5.31 (1.90) | 4.01, < .001, .25 |
Somatic problems | 4.68 (4.42) | 6.22 (4.62) | 5.45, < .001, .34 |
Sleep quality | 22.71 (7.67) | 19.55 (8.09) | 6.43, < .001, .40 |