Table 2 Rural-urban difference in unsafe abortion by selected background characteristics, NFHS-4 India, 2015–16
Explanatory variables | Unsafe abortions (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
India | Rural India | Urban India | Rural-urban difference | |
Total | 27.3 | 30.3 | 23.1 | 7.2 |
Region | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | |
South | 9.5 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 0.5 |
Central | 42.2 | 44.9 | 36.7 | 8.2 |
Eastern | 37.8 | 37.6 | 38.3 | −0.7 |
North-Eastern | 25.3 | 25.4 | 24.7 | 0.7 |
West | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 | −0.2 |
Northern | 23.5 | 22.1 | 24.6 | −2.5 |
Women’s age | p = 0.006 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.017 | |
40+ | 29.01 | 30.2 | 26.5 | 3.7 |
35–39 | 27.8 | 34.7 | 19.7 | 15.0 |
30–34 | 25.8 | 29.4 | 21.3 | 8.1 |
25–29 | 27.5 | 30.5 | 23.1 | 7.4 |
20–24 | 27.1 | 28.6 | 24.7 | 3.9 |
15–19 | 36.4 | 31.8 | 51.8 | −20 |
Caste/Class | p = 0.000 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.568 | |
General | 26.4 | 27.1 | 25.7 | 1.4 |
OBC | 27.4 | 31.6 | 21.3 | 10.3 |
ST/SC | 28.3 | 31.1 | 22.1 | 9.0 |
Women’s education | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.001 | |
Secondary/Higher | 24.2 | 26.7 | 21.4 | 5.3 |
Primary | 32.9 | 34.4 | 29.7 | 4.7 |
No education | 34.6 | 36.7 | 28.5 | 8.2 |
Religion | p = 0.483 | p = 0.054 | p = 0.026 | |
Non-Muslim | 26.8 | 30.3 | 21.2 | 9.1 |
Muslim | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.2 | 0.4 |
Husband’s Education | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.064 | |
Secondary/Higher | 28.7 | 28.1 | 29.5 | −1.4 |
Primary | 34.8 | 34.3 | 35.8 | −1.5 |
No education | 42.3 | 42.3 | 42.4 | −0.1 |
Sex composition of children | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | |
No child | 19.2 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 0.8 |
Daughter Only | 27.2 | 30.2 | 22.9 | 7.3 |
Son Only | 19.6 | 21.0 | 18.1 | 2.9 |
Both | 33.2 | 36.2 | 27.8 | 8.4 |
Household wealth status | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.015 | |
Rich | 21.1 | 21.8 | 20.8 | 1.0 |
Middle | 28.2 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 0.1 |
Poor | 36.2 | 36.5 | 33.7 | 2.8 |
Exposure to mass media | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.053 | |
Yes | 24.7 | 28.0 | 21.1 | 6.9 |
No | 33.3 | 33.9 | 31.6 | 2.3 |
Women’s working status | p = 0.185 | p = 0.592 | p = 0.112 | |
Yes | 33.7 | 33.2 | 34.6 | −1.4 |
No | 30.5 | 30.7 | 30.2 | 0.5 |
Women’s autonomy | p = 0.104 | p = 0.062 | p = 0.422 | |
Yes | 28.6 | 27.7 | 29.7 | −2.0 |
No | 33.6 | 34.7 | 31.9 | 2.8 |
Unmet need for family planning | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.668 | |
No | 26.1 | 28.8 | 22.4 | 6.4 |
Yes | 31.6 | 35.1 | 25.6 | 9.5 |
Gestation week | p = 0.045 | p = 0.200 | p = 0.072 | |
≤ 8 weeks | 30.0 | 32.5 | 26.6 | 5.9 |
9–12 weeks | 28.4 | 31.9 | 22.0 | 9.9 |
≥ 13 weeks | 26.4 | 29.4 | 22.2 | 7.2 |