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Table 2 Pre- versus post-intervention rate of feces reports by intervention type and neighborhood

From: Somewhere to go: assessing the impact of public restroom interventions on reports of open defecation in San Francisco, California from 2014 to 2020

 

No. Pit Stop Interventions

Total No. Weeks Observed a

Pre-Intervention

Slope (m)

(95% CI) b

Post-Intervention

Slope Change (Δm)

(95% CI) b

Intervention Type c

Installation of New Restroom

13

676

0.013 (0.006, 0.020)

-0.024 (-0.033, -0.014)

Provision of Attendants

15

780

0.002 (-0.006, 0.010)

-0.001 (-0.011, 0.008)

Expansion of Service Hours

3

156

-0.002 (-0.009, 0.006)

0.033 (0.021, 0.044)

Neighborhood of Intervention

(Installation of New Restroom, only)

Tenderloin

5

260

0.020 (0.008, 0.029)

-0.035 (-0.049, -0.021)

Mission

3

156

0.010 (-0.001, 0.022)

-0.015 (-0.029, -0.0005)

South of Market (SoMa)

2

104

0.007 (-0.002, 0.015)

-0.015 (-0.031, 0.001)

Golden Gate Park

1

52

0.027 (-0.079, 0.133)

-0.182 (-0.316, -0.047)

Haight Ashbury

1

52

-0.054 (-0.117, 0.010)

0.055 (-0.017, 0.128)

Bayview Hunters Point

1

52

-0.015 (-0.042, 0.012)

0.0004 (-0.043, 0.044)

(Provision of Attendants, only)

Tenderloin

5

260

-0.015 (-0.026, -0.005)

0.017 (0.004, 0.030)

Mission

2

104

0.016 (-0.003, 0.034)

-0.031 (-0.055, -0.008)

South of Market (SoMa)

1

52

-0.022 (-0.040, -0.005)

0.046 (0.025, 0.066)

Castro/Upper Market

3

156

0.022 (0.007, 0.037)

-0.022 (-0.043, -0.001)

Golden Gate Park

1

52

0.040 (0.003, 0.078)

-0.040 (-0.010, 0.020)

Sunset/Parkside

1

52

0.054 (-0.041, 0.148)

-0.009 (-0.117, 0.099)

North Beach

1

52

0.030 (0.003, 0.058)

-0.023 (-0.055, 0.009)

Financial District/South Beach

1

52

0.065 (0.032, 0.098)

-0.071 (-0.122, -0.021)

  1. a No. (number) of weeks observed indicates total number of weeks across both the pre- and post-intervention periods (52 weeks total per Pit Stop intervention)
  2. b Estimates are from negative binomial regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated from robust standard errors
  3. c Models stratified by intervention include neighborhood as a main effect to adjust for confounding