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Table 1 Pre- versus post-intervention mean feces reports per week by intervention type and neighborhood

From: Somewhere to go: assessing the impact of public restroom interventions on reports of open defecation in San Francisco, California from 2014 to 2020

 

No. Pit Stop

Interventions

No. Weeks Observed a

Mean reports per week pre-intervention

(SD)

Mean reports per week post-intervention

(SD)

Change in Mean (Δ)

p-value b

Intervention Type

Installation of New Restroom

13

338

49.18

(48.45)

36.71

(27.17)

-12.47

0.0002

Provision of Attendants

15

390

22.75

(26.56)

20.87

(16.95)

-1.88

0.2296

Expansion of Service Hours

3

78

34.45

(16.92)

46.45

(29.45)

12

0.0016

Neighborhood of Intervention

Tenderloin c

11

286

68.01

(45.18)

50.40

(21.89)

-17.60

0.0002

Mission c

5

130

26.98

(12.71)

28.24

(11.57)

1.25

0.4068

South of Market (SoMa) c

4

104

37.42

(13.92)

39.38

(21.55)

1.95

0.4406

Castro/Upper Market

4

104

8.99

(5.30)

12.08

(6.19)

3.09

0.0004

Golden Gate Park c

2

52

0.69

(1.04)

0.85

(1.23)

0.15

0.5561

Haight Ashbury c

1

26

1.08

(1.38)

1.85

(1.91)

0.77

0.1242

Bayview Hunters Point c

1

26

2.50

(1.48)

2.35

(1.72)

-0.15

0.7953

Sunset Parkside

1

26

0.27

(0.53)

0.65

(0.75)

0.38

0.0606

North Beach

1

26

6.65

(3.67)

15.19

(4.89)

8.54

0.0002

Financial District/South Beach

1

26

3.35

(2.42)

6.50

(4.31)

3.15

0.0030

  1. a Number (No.) of weeks observed is per six-month period (e.g. in the Golden Gate Park neighborhood, 26 weeks pre-intervention were compared to 26 weeks post-intervention across 2 Pit Stop interventions, resulting in the comparison of 52 weeks pre-intervention versus 52 weeks post-intervention)
  2. b P-values are estimated from nonparametric permutation tests (n = 10,000 permutations) comparing the difference in the sample means post- versus pre-intervention.
  3. c Neighborhoods with at least one new restroom installed. SD Standard deviation