Table 6 Discrimination measures of psychosocial impact during the pandemic of the PSI [n = 21,106]

Fear of getting COVID infection

0.19

0.06

0.12

Fear of giving COVID infection

0.23

0.08

0.15

Worrying about people

0.28

0.03

0.15

Stigma

0.10

0.08

0.09

Frustration

0.34

0.07

0.21

Anxiety

0.37

0.06

0.22

Depression

0.32

0.14

0.23

Loneliness

0.34

0.11

0.23

Anger

0.29

0.12

0.20

Grief

0.27

0.08

0.18

Change in sleep

0.36

0.01

0.19

Confusion about what COVID infection is

0.18

0.11

0.15

Feeling like protecting oneself and others

0.13

0.09

0.11

No emotional/ social support

0.27

0.00

0.14

No financial support

0.17

0.02

0.09

No exercise

0.26

0.00

0.13

Confused about getting correct information

0.19

0.12

0.15

Difficulty getting masks

0.13

0.22

0.18

Difficulty washing hands

0.07

0.18

0.12

Total

4.46

1.58

3.02

% of Variance

23.5

8.3

15.9

Cronbach α

0.82

0.39

0.71