Table 2 Difference in COVID-19 prevention behavior according to demographics in urban and rural areas

Gender

 Male

39,331 (45.6)

2.62 (0.32)

-44.366

 < .001

25,654 (46.0)

2.54 (0.37)

-21.651

 < .001

 Female

46,832 (54.4)

2.71 (0.29)

30,085 (54.0)

2.61 (0.36)

Age

 19-29^a

14,288 (16.6)

2.65 (0.30)

191.280

 < .001 (d < a < c < b)

4586 (8.2)

2.64 (0.33)

726.399

 < .001 (a,b > c > d)

 30-49^b

29,366 (34.1)

2.69 (0.29)

12,489 (22.4)

2.65 (0.35)

 50-69^c

30,832 (35.8)

2.67 (0.31)

23,294 (41.8)

2.60 (0.35)

  ≥ 70^d

11,677 (13.6)

2.62 (0.34)

15,370 (27.6)

2.46 (0.40)

Education^*

 Under elementary school^a

9166 (10.6)

2.60 (0.34)

244.077

 < .001 (a < b < c < d)

16,297 (29.2)

2.47 (0.40)

829,788

 < .001 (a < b < c < d)

 Middle/high school^b

32,884 (38.2)

2.66 (0.32)

23,516 (42.2)

2.59 (0.36)

 Associate/bachelor’s degree^c

39,653 (46.0)

2.69 (0.29)

14,544 (26.1)

2.66 (0.32)

 Master and higher^d

4310 (5.0)

2.72 (0.27)

1274 (2.3)

2.71 (0.29)

Income (monthly)^*

  ≤ 100^a

6106 (7.1)

2.63 (0.33)

85.728

 < .001 (a < b < c < d)

9387 (16.8)

2.48 (0.39)

270.289

 < .011 (c,d > b > a)

 101-300^b

20,371 (23.6)

2.65 (0.32)

14,713 (26.4)

2.56 (0.37)

 301-500^c

20,031 (23.2)

2.67 (0.31)

9768 (17.5)

2.61 (0.35)

  ≥ 500^d

25,356 (29.4)

2.69 (0.30)

8211 (14.7)

2.62 (0.34)

Household type^*

 Single person households

10,965 (12.7)

2.62 (0.33)

-14.941

 < .001

9202 (16.5)

2.51 (0.39)

-18.286

 < .001

  ≥ 2 person households

75,187 (87.3)

2.67 (0.30)

46,537 (83.5)

2.59 (0.36)

Working status^*

 Working

52,291 (60.7)

2.67 (0.30)

-1.378

0.168

36,273 (65.1)

2.56 (0.38)

-8.742

 < .001

 Not working

33,853 (39.3)

2.67 (0.31)

19,440 (34.9)

2.59 (0.36)

Influenza vaccination^*

 Vaccinated

43,776 (50.8)

2.68 (0.31)

-14.414

 < .001

35,161 (63.1)

2.60 (0.35)

11.899

 < .001

 Not vaccinated

42,238 (49.0)

2.65 (0.31)

20,493 (36.8)

2.56 (0.38)

Stress^*

 Seldomly felt stressed^a

16,291 (18.9)

2.67 (0.31)

4.158

0.006 (a,b,c < d)

16,575 (29.7)

2.55 (0.38)

47.247

 < .001 (a < b < c < d)

 Felt a little stressed^b

48,026 (55.7)

2.67 (0.31)

28,724 (51.5)

2.58 (0.36)

 Felt much stressed^c

18,960 (22.0)

2.67 (0.30)

9120 (16.4)

2.60 (0.35)

 Extremely felt stressed^d

2880 (3.3)

2.69 (0.30)

1308 (2.3)

2.62 (0.36)