Association between maternal and paternal employment and their children’s weight status and unhealthy behaviours: does it matter who the working parent is?

Table 5 Multilevel regression models on children’s obesity/BMI, by sex and age group

	Boys under 13		Girls under 13		Boys 13–15 years old		Girls 13–15 years old		Boys ≥ 16 years old		Girls ≥ 16 years old
	Obesity	BMI	Obesity	BMI	Obesity	BMI	Obesity	BMI	Obesity	BMI	Obesity	BMI
Only the father has a job	1.159	0.101	1.123	0.158	1.051	-0.124	0.731	0.070	0.667	-0.189	0.693	-0.217
Only the father has a job	(0.180)	(0.112)	(0.272)	(0.108)	(0.169)	(0.093)	(0.169)	(0.084)	(0.177)	(0.121)	(0.234)	(0.126)
Only the mother has a job	1.270	0.105	3.504***	0.870***	1.067	-0.260	0.828	0.425***	1.049	0.116	0.429	0.061
Only the mother has a job	(0.386)	(0.233)	(1.144)	(0.210)	(0.297)	(0.170)	(0.338)	(0.159)	(0.438)	(0.216)	(0.268)	(0.206)
None of the parents have a job	1.638	0.424	0.743	0.019	1.972**	0.308	0.311	-0.048	1.617	0.024	1.182	0.342
None of the parents have a job	(0.559)	(0.302)	(0.476)	(0.290)	(0.564)	(0.225)	(0.195)	(0.194)	(0.670)	(0.256)	(0.549)	(0.245)
Medium–low family affluence	1.442**	0.299**	1.298	0.212	1.258	0.254**	1.545	0.243***	1.551	0.140	1.502	0.045
Medium–low family affluence	(0.240)	(0.122)	(0.351)	(0.116)	(0.209)	(0.102)	(0.358)	(0.090)	(0.399)	(0.130)	(0.514)	(0.134)
Parents’ high educational level	0.712	-0.234	1.108	-0.240	0.544***	-0.455***	0.607	-0.371***	0.641	-0.356**	0.576	-0.474***
Parents’ high educational level	(0.150)	(0.127)	(0.327)	(0.125)	(0.126)	(0.109)	(0.212)	(0.105)	(0.238)	(0.151)	(0.320)	(0.163)
Parents’ low educational level	1.474**	0.559***	1.552	0.349**	1.193	0.197	1.379	0.220**	1.064	0.047	1.631	0.233
Parents’ low educational level	(0.287)	(0.149)	(0.443)	(0.144)	(0.199)	(0.106)	(0.307)	(0.094)	(0.273)	(0.134)	(0.477)	(0.129)

Odds ratios for obesity and coefficients for BMI. Robust seeform in parentheses. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05
All models were adjusted for region, parents’ origin, number of siblings, year, family affluence, parents’ educational level, the missing variables of the family’s socioeconomic level and the missing variables of the parents’ educational level. Only biparental families were considered
Reference categories: both parents have a job; high family affluence; parents’ medium educational level

ISSN: 1471-2458