Fig. 2

(a-b) Comparison between life cycles of vector-borne virus and COVID-19 virus. a Stages of DENV (dengue virus) life cycle, DENV virus with capsid protein and RNA bind to host cell receptor (DC-SIGN). Dengue viral proteins are coded from one mRNA. Inside the infected host cell, DENV releases RNA which simultaneously translocates, leading to proteolysis of viral protein. Replicase synthesizes RNA which goes for maturation inside a new viral DENV particle, which releases outside of the host cell through exocytosis. Figure 2a also represents some inhibitors intervening in the replication process of viral particles inside a host cell. b The SARS-CoV-2 contains spike protein, membrane protein, envelope protein and single-stranded (SS-RNA). Spike proteins (S) binds to the host surface receptors (ACE2). SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins are coded from subgenomic mRNA. The virus internalized after attachment through endocytosis. In the next stage, SARS-CoV-2 releases its RNA into the host cell turning it into SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. The released RNA undergoes uncoating followed by translocation and proteolysis of viral proteins. Replicase enzyme synthesizes new RNA which after maturation develops into new viral particles and releases outside the cell through exocytosis. Figure 2b also represents some inhibitors, for example, hydroxychloroquinone, lopinavir intervening the replication process of viral particles inside the host cell