Table 3 Factors associated with low health literacy (HL) as assessed by scoring < 4 on the ‘Engagement’ scale
From: Health literacy and recovery following a non-catastrophic road traffic injury
Baseline factors | Low HL (n = 92) | High HL (n = 401) | P value | Subgroup p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | ||||
 17–24 | 18 (19.6) | 62 (15.5) | 0.61 |  |
 25–44 | 38 (41.3) | 146 (36.4) |  | |
 45–59 | 22 (23.9) | 112 (27.9) |  | |
 60–69 | 8 (8.7) | 44 (11.0) |  | |
 70+ | 6 (6.5) | 37 (9.2) |  | |
Male gender | 48 (52.2) | 268 (66.8) | 0.01 | Â |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.92 | Â |
 Divorced, widowed or separated | 13 (14.3) | 59 (14.7) |  | |
 Married or defacto | 52 (57.1) | 220 (54.9) |  | |
 Never married | 26 (28.6) | 122 (30.4) |  |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | 0.59 | Â |
 Primary or pre-primary | 5 (5.4) | 15 (3.7) |  | |
 Secondary | 32 (34.8) | 121 (30.2) |  | |
 Technical/other further education | 23 (25.0) | 98 (24.4) |  | |
 Tertiary or university | 32 (34.8) | 167 (41.7) |  |  |
Pre-injury paid work or self-employment | 62 (67.3) | 303 (75.6) | 0.11 | Â |
Injury severity score | ||||
 12+ | 3 (3.3) | 18 (4.5) |  |  |
 9–11 | 8 (8.7) | 26 (6.5) | 0.35 |  |
 4–8 | 30 (32.6) | 167 (41.7) |  |  |
 1–3 | 51 (55.4) | 190 (47.4) |  |  |
Pre-injury disabilitya | 45 (49.5) | 116 (29) | 0.0002 | Â |
Pre-injury comorbidity | 56 (60.9) | 216 (53.9) | 0.22 | Â |
Lodging CTP claim | 47 (51.1) | 108 (26.9) | < 0.0001 |  |
Pain severity ratings | 5.3 (2.6) | 4.0 (2.6) | < 0.0001 |  |
Total DASS-21 score | 21.5 (17.0) | 9.9 (12.7) | < 0.0001 |  |
Total IES-R scores | 5.3 (3.2) | 3.0 (2.8) | < 0.0001 |  |
Pain catastrophizing Scale scores | 21.3 (15.0) | 11.3 (12.8) | < 0.0001 |  |
Hospital stay > 12 hours | 49 (53.3) | 226 (56.4) | 0.59 |  |
Perceived sense of danger/death | Â | Â | 0.04 | Â |
 Overwhelming | 16 (17.6) | 30 (7.6) | 0.003 | |
 Great | 18 (19.8) | 72 (18.2) | 0.7 | |
 Moderate | 18 (19.8) | 80 (20.2) | 0.9 | |
 Small | 17 (18.7) | 90 (22.7) | 0.4 | |
 None | 22 (24.2) | 124 (31.3) | 0.18 | |
Pre-injury psychological conditions | 37 (40.2) | 96 (23.9) | 0.002 | Â |
Type of road user | ||||
 Car driver | 38 (41.3) | 146 (36.6) |  | 0.4 |
 Car passenger | 13 (14.1) | 36 (9.0) | 0.01 | 0.14 |
 Motorbike | 27 (29.4) | 156 (39.1) |  | 0.08 |
 Cyclist | 3 (3.3) | 40 (10.0) |  | 0.04 |
 Pedestrian/skateboard | 11 (12.0) | 21 (5.3) |  | 0.02 |
Social satisfaction | ||||
 Dissatisfied | 3 (3.3) | 4 (1.0) |  |  |
 Neither | 7 (7.6) | 17 (4.2) | 0.10 |  |
 Satisfied | 82 (89.1) | 380 (94.8) |  |  |