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Table 3 Predictors of risk communication usefulness (N = 1146)

From: Enhancing medication risk communication in developing countries: a cross-sectional survey among doctors and pharmacists in Malaysia

Variables

Univariate regression

Multivariate regression

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Gender

 Male

1

 

1

 

 Female

2.14 (1.66, 2.75)

< 0.001

1.29 (0.92, 1.78)

0.140

Age group

  < 45 years

1

   

 45 years and above

1.16 (0.82, 1.64)

0.394

  

Ethnicity

 Chinese

1

< 0.001

1

0.013

 Malay

1.30 (0.98, 1.71)

0.065

1.85 (1.28, 2.68)

0.001

 Indian

0.54 (0.38, 0.76)

< 0.001

1.35 (0.87, 2.09)

0.184

 Other

1.42 (0.69, 2.93)

0.346

1.44 (0.59, 3.50)

0.425

Designation

 Specialist

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

 General practitioner

1.84 (0.96, 3.55)

0.067

2.69 (1.06, 6.84)

0.038

 Medical officer

0.92 (0.59, 1.44)

0.703

1.07 (0.64, 1.79)

0.797

 Consultant

2.03 (1.10, 3.76)

0.023

2.06 (1.07, 3.99)

0.032

 Pharmacist

13.97 (9.21, 21.17)

< 0.001

18.17 (10.98, 30.07)

< 0.001

Employment setting

 Private- community

1

< 0.001

1

0.013

 Private- hospital

1.76 (0.94, 3.30)

0.077

1.96 (0.83, 4.61)

0.124

 Public- community

1.30 (0.809, 2.08)

0.281

1.53 (0.73, 3.20)

0.257

 Public- hospital

1.14 (0.76, 1.71)

0.537

1.54 (0.80, 2.97)

0.192

 Public- administrative

3.18 (1.86, 5.42)

< 0.001

3.64 (1.66, 7.99)

0.001

 Pharma industry

7.80 (2.24, 27.09)

0.001

4.61 (1.08, 19.72)

0.039

 Others

1.61 (0.46, 5.67)

0.456

1.93 (0.43, 8.62)

0.388

Strata

 Urban

1

 

1

 

 Rural

1.61 (1.12, 2.32)

0.010

1.71 (1.08, 2.72)

0.023

Work experience

  < 5 years

1

0.166

1

< 0.001

 5 to 9 years

1.02 (0.67, 1.56)

0.917

1.12 (0.65, 1.91)

0.692

 10 to 29 years

1.35 (0.93, 1.98)

0.117

2.63 (1.57, 4.42)

< 0.001

 30 years and above

1.32 (0.66, 2.66)

0.433

4.89 (1.98, 12.08)

0.001

Attended training

 No

1

 

1

 

 Yes

2.66 (2.07, 3.41)

< 0.001

1.60 (1.16, 2.21)

0.004

Preferred language

 Bahasa Melayu

1

   

 English

1.11 (0.79, 1.57)

0.545

  
  1. Forward LR Multiple Logistic model was applied. Model is fit with Hosmer-Lemeshow test p = 0.903, Classification table = 79.2%. Statistically significant p-values are shown in bold. CI Confidence interval