Variables | Univariate regression | Multivariate regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Female | 2.14 (1.66, 2.75) | < 0.001 | 1.29 (0.92, 1.78) | 0.140 |
Age group | ||||
  < 45 years | 1 |  |  |  |
 45 years and above | 1.16 (0.82, 1.64) | 0.394 |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Chinese | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.013 |
 Malay | 1.30 (0.98, 1.71) | 0.065 | 1.85 (1.28, 2.68) | 0.001 |
 Indian | 0.54 (0.38, 0.76) | < 0.001 | 1.35 (0.87, 2.09) | 0.184 |
 Other | 1.42 (0.69, 2.93) | 0.346 | 1.44 (0.59, 3.50) | 0.425 |
Designation | ||||
 Specialist | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
 General practitioner | 1.84 (0.96, 3.55) | 0.067 | 2.69 (1.06, 6.84) | 0.038 |
 Medical officer | 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) | 0.703 | 1.07 (0.64, 1.79) | 0.797 |
 Consultant | 2.03 (1.10, 3.76) | 0.023 | 2.06 (1.07, 3.99) | 0.032 |
 Pharmacist | 13.97 (9.21, 21.17) | < 0.001 | 18.17 (10.98, 30.07) | < 0.001 |
Employment setting | ||||
 Private- community | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.013 |
 Private- hospital | 1.76 (0.94, 3.30) | 0.077 | 1.96 (0.83, 4.61) | 0.124 |
 Public- community | 1.30 (0.809, 2.08) | 0.281 | 1.53 (0.73, 3.20) | 0.257 |
 Public- hospital | 1.14 (0.76, 1.71) | 0.537 | 1.54 (0.80, 2.97) | 0.192 |
 Public- administrative | 3.18 (1.86, 5.42) | < 0.001 | 3.64 (1.66, 7.99) | 0.001 |
 Pharma industry | 7.80 (2.24, 27.09) | 0.001 | 4.61 (1.08, 19.72) | 0.039 |
 Others | 1.61 (0.46, 5.67) | 0.456 | 1.93 (0.43, 8.62) | 0.388 |
Strata | ||||
 Urban | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Rural | 1.61 (1.12, 2.32) | 0.010 | 1.71 (1.08, 2.72) | 0.023 |
Work experience | ||||
  < 5 years | 1 | 0.166 | 1 | < 0.001 |
 5 to 9 years | 1.02 (0.67, 1.56) | 0.917 | 1.12 (0.65, 1.91) | 0.692 |
 10 to 29 years | 1.35 (0.93, 1.98) | 0.117 | 2.63 (1.57, 4.42) | < 0.001 |
 30 years and above | 1.32 (0.66, 2.66) | 0.433 | 4.89 (1.98, 12.08) | 0.001 |
Attended training | ||||
 No | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Yes | 2.66 (2.07, 3.41) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (1.16, 2.21) | 0.004 |
Preferred language | ||||
 Bahasa Melayu | 1 |  |  |  |
 English | 1.11 (0.79, 1.57) | 0.545 |  |  |