Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study

Table 1 Spearman correlation of indices related to COVID-19 with HDI and its components

Variable	All countries					Countries with ≥ 10 million population
Variable	N	Correlation coefficient	R²	p-value	Comment	N	Correlation coefficient	R²	p-value	Comment
Cumulative Incidence rate of Cases (per million)
HDI	157	0.67	0.35	< 0.001	strong	85	0.75	0.44	< 0.001	strong
Mean years of schooling	157	0.63	0.30	< 0.001	strong	85	0.69	0.36	< 0.001	strong
Life expectancy	157	0.65	0.33	< 0.001	strong	85	0.67	0.36	< 0.001	strong
GNI	157	0.68	0.30	< 0.001	strong	85	0.75	0.44	< 0.001	strong
Cumulative Incidence rate of Death (per million)
HDI	152	0.55	0.24	< 0.001	moderate	82	0.68	0.37	< 0.001	strong
Mean years of schooling	152	0.51	0.19	< 0.001	moderate	82	0.59	0.27	< 0.001	moderate
Life expectancy	152	0.55	0.24	< 0.001	strong	82	0.64	0.34	< 0.001	strong
GNI	152	0.53	0.10	< 0.001	moderate	82	0.69	0.34	< 0.001	strong
Tests performed per million
HDI	146	0.85	0.30	< 0.001	very strong	78	0.86	0.53	< 0.001	very strong
Mean years of schooling	146	0.76	0.23	< 0.001	strong	78	0.79	0.46	< 0.001	strong
Life expectancy	146	0.79	0.25	< 0.001	strong	78	0.80	0.43	< 0.001	very strong
GNI	146	0.86	0.49	< 0.001	very strong	78	0.86	0.66	< 0.001	very strong
Case Fatality Rate (%)
HDI	153	-0.20	0.05	0.01	weak	84	0.02	0.02	0.86	NS^a
Mean years of schooling	153	-0.23	0.06	0.004	weak	84	-0.07	0.04	0.54	NS
Life expectancy	153	-0.13	0.02	0.11	NS	84	0.10	0.00	0.36	NS
GNI	153	-0.23	0.04	0.004	weak	84	0.06	0.00	0.59	NS
Recovery rate (%)
HDI	152	-0.18	0.05	0.03	very weak	80	-0.15	0.05	0.19	NS
Mean years of schooling	152	-0.21	0.06	0.01	weak	80	-0.11	0.03	0.31	NS
Life expectancy	152	-0.20	0.05	0.01	weak	80	-0.20	0.07	0.07	NS
GNI	152	-0.13	0.02	0.11	NS	80	-0.17	0.09	0.12	NS

ISSN: 1471-2458