Frequency of spicy foods consumption | ||||||
 | Never(<1 days/wk.) | Sometimes (1-2 days/wk.) | Often (3-4 days/wk.) | Usually (≥5 days/wk.) | Total | P value |
Number | 26,413 | 1728 | 1005 | 1179 | 30,325 | Â |
Women (%) | 72.66 | 71.82 | 69.05 | 68.87 | 72.34 | 0.003 |
Age (y) | 62.16 ± 7.16 | 60.78 ± 6.67 | 60.85 ± 6.50 | 61.91 ± 6.95 | 62.02 ± 7.12 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.67 ± 3.30 | 24.27 ± 3.32 | 24.48 ± 3.36 | 24.85 ± 3.33 | 23.77 ± 3.32 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 0.867 ± 0.068 | 0.867 ± 0.067 | 0.874 ± 0.066 | 0.878 ± 0.067 | 0.868 ± 0.068 | < 0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 78.56 ± 8.99 | 79.56 ± 8.87 | 80.26 ± 8.83 | 81.46 ± 9.14 | 78.79 ± 9.01 | < 0.001 |
Education (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  ≤ Primary | 44.35 | 32.89 | 33.07 | 34.44 | 42.94 |  |
 Middle School | 47.39 | 54.95 | 53.89 | 49.62 | 48.13 |  |
  ≥ College or above | 8.26 | 12.16 | 12.95 | 15.95 | 8.93 |  |
Household income (Yuan/year) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  < 10,000 | 6.04 | 3.82 | 3.39 | 3.48 | 5.73 |  |
 10,000-29,999 | 32.74 | 28.97 | 27.89 | 31.01 | 32.29 |  |
 30,000-49,999 | 20.92 | 23.87 | 23.31 | 21.75 | 21.20 |  |
  ≥ 50,000 | 16.14 | 22.54 | 21.41 | 22.85 | 16.94 |  |
 Don’t know | 24.15 | 20.80 | 24.00 | 20.90 | 23.83 |  |
Smoking history (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 81.21 | 79.88 | 76.52 | 75.45 | 80.76 |  |
 Ex-smoker | 9.14 | 7.77 | 10.15 | 11.13 | 9.17 |  |
 Current smoker | 9.65 | 12.35 | 13.33 | 13.42 | 10.07 |  |
Drinking status (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 74.22 | 58.49 | 60.64 | 60.65 | 72.35 |  |
 Ex-drinker | 3.45 | 4.10 | 4.90 | 3.58 | 3.54 |  |
 Current drinker | 22.33 | 37.41 | 34.47 | 35.78 | 24.11 |  |
Occupation (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Manual | 62.30 | 55.67 | 51.85 | 51.28 | 61.15 |  |
 Non-manual | 22.79 | 29.01 | 29.17 | 33.22 | 23.76 |  |
 Other | 14.91 | 15.32 | 18.98 | 15.50 | 15.09 |  |
Physical activities (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.332 |
 Inactive | 8.14 | 7.64 | 7.36 | 7.97 | 8.08 |  |
 Minimally active | 40.95 | 42.65 | 42.69 | 38.59 | 41.01 |  |
 Active | 50.91 | 49.71 | 49.95 | 53.44 | 50.91 |  |
Daily energy intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Median | 1774.72 | 1863.36 | 1883.67 | 1864.07 | 1787.86 |  |
 Interquartile range | (1452.79,2131.63) | (1495.88,2251.08) | (1560.90,2279.51) | (1473.05,2273.09) | (1458.57,2151.64) |  |
Daily carbohydrate intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Median | 252.07 | 259.77 | 270.72 | 263.92 | 253.65 |  |
 Interquartile range | (199.21,310.50) | (201.49, 325.29) | (214.45, 327.98) | (199.1, 329.61) | (199.89,312.83) |  |
Daily protein intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Median | 69.08 | 73.86 | 72.76 | 71.77 | 69.63 |  |
 Interquartile range | (56.03,84.63) | (59.63,89.04) | (58.50,87.70) | (57.74,89.75) | (56.37,85.30) |  |
Daily fat intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Median | 55.12 | 59.23 | 60.17 | 58.85 | 55.69 |  |
 Interquartile range | (41.03,70.65) | (44.74,74.93) | (44.72,77.62) | (43.55, 75.62) | (41.45,71.34) |  |
Strength of spicy foods consumption | ||||||
 | Never | Mild | Moderate | Strong | Total | P value |
Number | 26,413 | 2407 | 1121 | 380 | 30,321 | Â |
Women (%) | 72.66 | 73.74 | 67.26 | 56.58 | 72.34 | < 0.001 |
Age (y) | 62.16 ± 7.16 | 61.39 ± 6.72 | 60.77 ± 6.66 | 60.50 ± 6.89 | 62.02 ± 7.12 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.67 ± 3.30 | 24.37 ± 3.29 | 24.66 ± 3.44 | 24.86 ± 3.35 | 23.77 ± 3.32 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 0.867 ± 0.068 | 0.872 ± 0.067 | 0.873 ± 0.067 | 0.881 ± 0.065 | 0.868 ± 0.068 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 78.56 ± 8.99 | 79.98 ± 8.82 | 80.48 ± 9.08 | 81.92 ± 9.44 | 78.79 ± 9.01 | < 0.001 |
Education (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  ≤ Primary | 44.35 | 34.51 | 31.31 | 32.63 | 42.94 |  |
 Middle School | 47.39 | 52.06 | 54.24 | 56.32 | 48.13 |  |
  ≥ College or above | 8.26 | 13.43 | 14.45 | 11.05 | 8.93 |  |
Household income (Yuan/year) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
  < 10,000 | 6.04 | 3.95 | 3.13 | 2.63 | 5.73 |  |
 10,000-29,999 | 32.74 | 29.52 | 28.71 | 29.74 | 32.30 |  |
 30,000-49,999 | 20.92 | 22.49 | 25.31 | 20.53 | 21.21 |  |
  ≥ 50,000 | 16.14 | 22.16 | 22.09 | 24.47 | 16.95 |  |
 Don’t know | 24.15 | 21.87 | 20.75 | 22.63 | 23.83 |  |
Smoking history (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 81.22 | 80.95 | 75.56 | 62.96 | 80.76 |  |
 Ex-smoker | 9.14 | 9.23 | 9.10 | 11.38 | 9.17 |  |
 Current smoker | 9.65 | 9.82 | 15.34 | 25.66 | 10.07 |  |
Drinking status (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 74.22 | 62.29 | 56.74 | 51.59 | 72.35 |  |
 Ex-drinker | 3.45 | 3.89 | 4.32 | 5.29 | 3.54 |  |
 Current drinker | 22.33 | 33.82 | 38.94 | 43.12 | 24.11 |  |
Occupation (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Manual | 62.30 | 54.02 | 52.10 | 52.65 | 61.14 |  |
 Non-manual | 22.79 | 28.96 | 32.05 | 33.86 | 23.76 |  |
 Other | 14.91 | 17.02 | 15.85 | 13.49 | 15.09 |  |
Physical activities (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.504 |
 Inactive | 8.14 | 7.81 | 6.96 | 8.95 | 8.08 |  |
 Minimally active | 40.95 | 40.47 | 43.53 | 41.58 | 41.01 |  |
 Active | 50.91 | 51.72 | 49.51 | 49.47 | 50.90 |  |
Daily energy intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Median | 1774.72 | 1883.46 | 1815.78 | 1911.14 | 1787.86 |  |
 Interquartile range | (1452.79,2131.63) | (1538.36,2268.63) | (1452.68,2223.51) | (1521.69,2315.07) | (1458.58,2151.63) |  |
Daily carbohydrate intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Median | 252.07 | 270.05 | 252.51 | 265.72 | 253.65 |  |
 Interquartile range | (199.21,310.50) | (208.29, 330.34) | (191.81, 318.42) | (201.28, 333.47) | (199.89,312.83) |  |
Daily protein intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Median | 69.08 | 73.06 | 72.65 | 74.25 | 69.63 |  |
 Interquartile range | (56.03,84.63) | (58.92,88.05) | (57.39, 88.73) | (58.51,94.48) | (56.37,85.30) |  |
Daily fat intake(kcal/d) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Median | 55.12 | 59.23 | 58.83 | 60.77 | 55.69 |  |
 Interquartile range | (41.03,70.65) | (44.48, 76.43) | (44.79,73.44) | (47.78,77.36) | (41.45,71.34) |  |