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Table 7 Factors associated with challenges of strengthening service delivery at national and subnational levels

From: How service delivery implementation strategies can contribute to attaining universal health coverage: lessons from polio eradication using an implementation science approach

Main delivery challenge: External environment

Odds Ratio

p-value

[95% Conf. Interval]

Organizational affiliation

 GPEI partner institutions (ref)

1

  

 Government

1.08

0.751

[0.673, 1.731]

 Implementers

0.737

0.281

[0.423, 1.284]

 Others (researchers, etc.)

1.222

0.524

[0.659, 2.265]

Years of experience

 0—4 (ref)

1

  

 5—9

0.657*

0.054

[0.428, 1.008]

 10—14

0.601**

0.039

[0.371, 0.974]

 15—19

0.574**

0.036

[0.341, 0.964]

 20 + 

0.673

0.19

[0.372, 1.217]

Role

 Advisory (ref)

1

  

 Management

8.095***

0.003

[2.049, 31.974]

 Supervisory

4.082***

0.008

[1.437, 11.596]

 Frontline

4.260***

0.007

[1.487, 12.199]

 Other

3.938**

0.012

[1.359, 11.405]

Region

 Africa (ref)

1

  

 South-East Asia

0.66**

0.034

[0.449, 0.969]

 Eastern Mediterranean

3.588***

 < 0.001

[2.043, 6.302]

 Western Hemisphere

1.386

0.425

[0.622, 3.087]

Number of observations

700

  1. *** p < .01, ** p < .05, * p < .1