Table 3 Factors associated with e-cigarette use compared to nonuse of e-cigarette and tobacco products (PST study, n = 15,510, 2013–2017): Multivariable multinomial analysis

Age

  ≤ 13 years

1

 14–17 years

0.65 (0.47–0.90)**

  > 17 years

0.25 (0.16–0.38)***

Cannabis use

 Never experienced

1

 Use in the past month

0.87 (0.57–1.32)

Alcohol consumption

 Never drink

1

 Drink sometimes but less than once a month

1.71 (1.29–2.27)***

 Drink more than once a month

1.56 (1.16–2.10)***

Smoking status of the best friend

 Non-smoking

1

 Smoker/Former smoker

1.39 (1.05–1.84)*

Perception of the smoking rate^b

 None

1

 Between 1 and 5

2.10 (1.49–2.97)***

 Between 6 and 10

1.78 (1.14–2.77)*

Hookah ever experienced

 No

1

 Yes

3.36 (2.60–4.35)***

Survey year

 2013

1

 2014

2.64 (1.62–4.29)***

 2015

2.48 (1.52–4.02)***

 2016

1.98 (1.21–3.28)**

 2017

1.64 (0.99–2.74)