Table 2 Rural–urban differential in prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated and undertreated hypertension among older adults by select background characteristics in India (2017–18)
Undiagnosed Hypertension | Untreated Hypertension | Undertreated Hypertension | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Background characteristics | Total | Rural | Urban | R-U | Total | Rural | Urban | R-U | Total | Rural | Urban | R-U | |
Sex | Male | 48.5 | 52.4 | 41.7 | 10.7 | 6.4 Ϯ | 6.8 Ϯ | 5.6 Ϯ | 1.2 | 16.7 | 14.0 | 21.4 | -7.4 |
Female | 37.5 | 42.6 | 29.0 | 13.6 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 20.3 | 17.7 | 24.6 | -6.9 | |
Age group | 45–59 years | 46.0 | 48.6 | 41.9 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 Ϯ | 5.1 | 1.1 | 15.2 | 13.3 | 18.1 | -4.8 |
60 years & above | 39.5 | 45.5 | 28.2 | 17.4 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 2.2 | 21.3 | 18.0 | 27.6 | -9.6 | |
Marital Status | Currently married | 43.7 | 47.6 | 36.9 | 10.8 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 5.0 Ϯ | 1.5 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 21.0 | -6.0 |
Others | 39.0 | 44.8 | 28.6 | 16.2 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 22.2 | 18.7 | 28.5 | -9.8 | |
Religion | Muslim | 37.4 | 40.7 | 33.8 Ϯ | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 5.2 Ϯ | 1.8 | 21.2 | 19.3 | 23.4 | -4.1 |
Hindu | 43.2 | 47.9 | 34.7 | 13.2 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 18.0 | 15.3 | 22.9 | -7.6 | |
Others | 40.1 | 43.2 | 32.7 | 10.5 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 22.6 | 20.6 | 27.6 | -7.0 | |
Social Group | SC | 44.8 | 46.5 | 39.2 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 16.5 | 15.4 | 20.4 | -5.1 |
ST | 61.2 | 65.0 | 37.9 | 27.2 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 9.8 | -3.4 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 18.2 | -8.8 | |
OBC | 42.2 | 45.5 | 37.1 | 8.4 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 18.8 | 16.4 | 22.6 | -6.2 | |
Others | 36.1 | 42.0 | 29.0 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 21.9 | 18.9 | 25.5 | -6.6 | |
Economic Status | Poorest | 50.9 | 57.7 | 40.4 | 17.3 | 7.3 | 7.1 Ϯ | 7.6 | -0.5 | 14.7 | 11.3 | 19.8 | -8.5 |
Poorer | 45.1 | 50.4 | 34.7 | 15.7 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 17.3 | 14.0 | 23.6 | -9.6 | |
Middle | 43.9 | 47.2 | 37.7 | 9.4 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 18.5 | 17.0 | 21.3 | -4.3 | |
Richer | 37.0 | 40.6 | 30.9 | 9.7 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 22.1 | 17.7 | 29.7 | -12.0 | |
Richest | 34.9 | 38.7 | 28.4 | 10.4 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 21.8 | -1.6 | |
Education | Not literate | 45.6 | 48.4 | 35.9 Ϯ | 12.5 | 6.3 Ϯ | 6.3 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 16.9 | 15.2 | 22.6 Ϯ | -7.4 |
Primary or below | 40.5 | 43.9 | 35.2 | 8.7 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 19.2 | 16.5 | 23.5 | -7.0 | |
Secondary | 36.1 | 44.7 | 28.8 | 16.0 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 23.4 | 19.6 | 26.7 | -7.1 | |
Higher secondary or above | 40.1 | 44.2 | 38.3 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 8.7 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 18.9 | 17.1 | 19.7 | -2.6 | |
Work Status | Never worked | 32.1 | 37.2 | 26.5 | 10.7 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 3.9 Ϯ | 2.6 | 23.1 | 20.0 | 26.4 | -6.4 |
Currently not working | 38.3 | 42.3 | 30.1 | 12.2 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 21.5 | 19.1 | 26.2 | -7.0 | |
Currently working | 53.7 | 56.1 | 48.1 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 16.6 | -5.3 | |
Health Insurance | Covered | 42.1 Ϯ | 46.5 Ϯ | 33.4 Ϯ | 13.1 | 5.8 Ϯ | 6.1 Ϯ | 5.1 Ϯ | 1.0 | 19.4 Ϯ | 17.9 Ϯ | 22.3 Ϯ | -4.4 |
Not covered | 42.3 | 46.9 | 34.7 | 12.2 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 18.5 | 15.6 | 23.5 | -7.9 | |
Region | North | 33.9 | 36.7 | 28.3 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 20.3 | 18.5 | 23.9 | -5.4 |
Central | 49.2 | 54.4 | 36.8 | 17.6 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 7.3 | -1.8 | 12.4 | 9.3 | 19.8 | -10.5 | |
East | 41.9 | 45.9 | 28.5 | 17.4 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 18.6 | 16.1 | 26.9 | -10.9 | |
Northeast | 41.6 | 43.9 | 32.7 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 20.6 | 18.8 | 27.1 | -8.3 | |
West | 45.6 | 51.9 | 38.4 | 13.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 17.8 | 14.1 | 21.9 | -7.8 | |
South | 40.3 | 45.0 | 35.6 | 9.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 22.6 | 21.6 | 23.6 | -2.0 | |
Comorbidity | None | 59.2 | 61.8 | 53.7 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.6 Ϯ | 1.2 | 12.0 | 10.7 | 14.6 | -3.9 |
At least one | 29.1 | 33.7 | 21.9 | 11.8 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 24.0 | 20.8 | 28.9 | -8.1 | |
Physical Activity | Inactive | 39.3 | 43.7 | 32.2 | 11.6 | 5.9 Ϯ | 6.4 Ϯ | 5.1 Ϯ | 1.3 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 23.4 | -5.2 |
Moderately active | 41.0 | 47.0 | 32.2 | 14.9 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 22.2 | 16.5 | 30.5 | -14.0 | |
Highly active | 54.1 | 55.6 | 49.5 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 13.9 | -4.2 | |
Tobacco Consumption | Never consumed | 38.6 | 43.1 | 32.4 | 10.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 20.7 | 18.3 | 24.0 | -5.8 |
Currently not consuming any | 37.8 | 42.3 | 28.6 | 13.7 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 22.3 | 17.9 | 31.3 | -13.5 | |
Smokes only | 52.4 | 53.0 | 50.7 | 2.3 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.9 | -1.0 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 17.6 | -7.1 | |
Uses smokeless tobacco only | 50.4 | 54.2 | 39.2 | 15.0 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 0.9 | 14.7 | 13.2 | 19.0 | -5.8 | |
Both smokable and smokeless | 55.7 | 58.1 | 47.1 | 10.9 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 9.6 | -5.8 | 8.9 | 7.2 | 14.9 | -7.7 | |
Body Mass Index | Normal | 45.5 | 49.0 | 38.0 | 11.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 20.9 | -6.0 |
Underweight | 52.6 | 54.0 | 45.1 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 14.0 | -5.1 | |
Overweight | 33.5 | 37.1 | 30.2 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 25.1 | 23.8 | 26.3 | -2.5 | |
TOTAL | 42.3 | 46.8 | 34.4 | 12.4 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 18.7 | 16.1 | 23.3 | -7.2 | |