Table 1 Means and standard deviations individual-level variables

Face mask use (1 – Strongly Disagree to 5 – Strongly agree)

3.00

1.57

1

5

Self-related risk perception COVID-19 (1 – No chance at all to 7 – Absolute certain)

3.36

1.00

1

7

Other-related risk perception COVID-19 (1 – No chance at all to 7 – Absolute certain)

4.31

1.02

1

7

Direct experience COVID-19 (1 – Yes; 0 – No)

0.10

0.30

0

1

Indirect experience COVID-19 (1 – Yes; 0 – No)

0.29

0.45

0

1

Government trust (1 – Low to 10 – High)

5.96

2.22

1

10

Perceived clarity government communication (1 – Extremely unclear to 7 – Extremely clear)

4.54

1.55

1

7

Stringency face mask regulations (0 – No policy to 4 – Required everywhere at all times)

1.79

1.66

0

4

Gender (1 – Female; 0 – Male)

0.61

0.49

0

1

Age (in years)

21.83

3.23

17

35

International student (1 – Yes; 0 – No)

0.12

0.33

0

1