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Table 1 Baseline demographics for Medicare beneficiaries and death time demographics for Sepsis-related death, US 2000—2008 

From: Long-term PM2.5 exposure and sepsis mortality in a US medicare cohort

 

Enrollee

Death due to Sepsis

Persons, n (%)

52,902,921 (100.0)

228,439 (100.0)

ZIP code, n (%)

38,715 (100.0)

24,934 (62.6)

Age, n (%)

 <  = 75

38,534,953 (72.8)

60,449 (26.5)

 > 75

14,367,968 (27.2)

167,990 (73.5)

Sex, n (%)

 Female

29,928,520 (56.6)

131,984 (57.8)

 Male

22,974,401 (43.4)

96,455 (42.2)

Race, n (%)

 Asian

844,228 (1.6)

1,613 (0.7)

 Black

4,523,321 (8.6)

34,535 (15.1)

 Hispanic

958,465 (1.8)

3,688 (1.6)

 White

45,495,610 (86.0)

185,714 (81.3)

 Other

1,081,297 (2.0)

2,889 (1.3)

Urbanicitya, n (%)

 Urban

39,656,002 (75.0)

173,514 (76.0)

 Nonurban

11,897,208 (22.5)

48,597 (21.3)

Race (Urban), n (%)

 Asian

811,611 (1.5)

1,536 (0.7)

 Black

3,725,768 (7.0)

28,015 (12.3)

 Hispanic

841,382 (1.6)

3,161 (1.4)

 White

33,401,957 (63.1)

138,782 (60.8)

 Other

875,284 (1.6)

2,020 (0.9)

Income (Urban), n(%)

 Low

7,818,031 (14.8)

60,660 (26.6)

 Middle

15,468,091 (29.2)

56,429 (24.7)

 High

16,369,880 (30.9)

56,425 (24.7)

Region

 Northeast

10,494,342 (19.8)

61,462 (26.9)

 South

12,485,446 (23.6)

96,040 (42.0)

 Midwest

19,053,623 (36.0)

50,780 (22.2)

 West

10,869,510 (20.5)

20,157 (8.8)

With NO2b Data, n (%)

48,224,895 (91.2)

192,849 (84.4)

With BRFSSc Data, n (%)

28,416,054 (53.7)

81,004 (35.5)

  1. Abbreviations: NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
  2. aUrbanicity data was available for 29,572 ZIP codes covering 97.5% of population
  3. bNO2 data first become available in 2001
  4. cBRFSS data first become available in 2002