Table 2 Data extraction chart: studies included in the scoping review on the use of digital stories as a health promotion intervention
From: The use of digital stories as a health promotion intervention: a scoping review
Author(s), Year | Country | Setting of Digital Story Screening | Description of the Digital Storytelling Interventiona | Study Design | Theory Used | Measure(s) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carlson et al. (2020)b [33] | U.S.A | Clinical | Creators: Latino, Spanish-speaking patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Viewers: Latino adults diagnosed with T2D living in rural areas (n = 23) Intervention: Group viewing of digital stories followed by discussion | Quasi-experimental | Social Cognitive Theory and Culture-Centric Narratives in Health Promotion | Qualitative: Observational notes and audio recordings of focus groups Quantitative: Pre/Post intervention surveys | Qualitative: Sessions rated as highly acceptable, interesting, and useful; Improvements in confidence, motivation, and behavioral intentions for T2D self-management, facilitated discussions may add value to viewing DS Quantitative: Statistically significant findings reflected in measurements of both ‘motivation for’ (p < 0.01) and ‘confidence in’ T2D self-management (p = 0.02) |
Coleman, Ramm, and Cooke (2010) [38] | United Kingdom | School | Creators: Young people (ages not specified) created digital stories to address the consequences of binge drinking Viewers: Young people (14–16 years old) who drink alcohol (n = 89 participants matched between timepoints two and three included in inferential analysis) Intervention: Group viewing of digital stories followed by discussion and questionnaires at three timepoints | Quasi-experimental | Theory of Planned Behavior | Quantitative: Questionnaires one-month prior to the intervention, immediately after viewing the intervention, and six months after the intervention | Quantitative: Positive effect on knowledge for the intervention sample (F = 3.35; p = 0.07); Intervention participants got drunk fewer times in the last week compared to controls (F = 1.90; p = 0.07) |
Chia-Chen Chen, Wonsun, and Larkey (2019) [26] | U.S.A | Community | Creators: Vietnamese American mothers of children vaccinated against HPV Viewers: Vietnamese American mothers of at least one unvaccinated child between the ages of 11–17 years old (n = 10) Intervention: Group viewing of digital stories followed by surveys | Quasi-experimental | Culture-Centric Narratives in Health Promotion | Quantitative: Pre/Post intervention surveys | Quantitative: Statistically significant findings in the knowledge (effect size = 1.0; p = 0.03) and attitudes (effect size = 0.8; p = 0.05) around HPV vaccination. The intervention was determined feasible and acceptable to participants. All participants reported their intent to vaccinate their children |
Cueva, Kuhnley, Revels, Schoenberg, and Dignan (2015) [34] | U.S.A | Clinical | Creators: Community Health Aide/Practitioners (CHA/P) created short 2–3-min movies on the topics of wellness, cancer risk reduction and prevention, and screening for early detection and treatment Viewers: Rural community members (n = 15) Intervention: Community members watched the DS online, at the health clinic, at home, at a community showing, at a local business, or at work. They were invited to participate in a telephone interview 1–5 months after watching the DS | Case Study | Culture-Centric Narratives in Health Promotion and Indigenous Epistemology and Ontology | Qualitative: Post intervention interview | Qualitative: Digital stories reported as an “emotionally engaging” approach, a starting place for discussions on inner reflection, insight, and cancer prevention. Emphasis on indigenous epistemology and ontology stemming from prioritized relationships and interconnectedness |
Cueva et al. (2016) [35] | U.S.A | Community | Creators: Community Health Workers (CHWs) created digital stories on tobacco cessation, colon and breast screening, treatment, and early detection of cancer Viewers: Alaska Native community members. (n = 29) Intervention: Group viewing of digital stories followed by questionnaire and discussion | Case study | None listed | Qualitative: Open-ended questionnaire and focus groups with written and verbal comments | Qualitative: Participants described digital stories as being culturally respectful, engaging, informational, inspiring, and motivational |
Flicker et al. (2020) [39] | Canada | Community | Creators: Indigenous youth who participated in digital storytelling workshops on HIV activism Viewers: Members from the youths’ community and internationally (number of viewers not listed) Intervention: Youth hosted group screenings in their communities followed by discussions | Case study | Bioecological Model of Human Development | Qualitative: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with youth creators and discussion with audience members | Qualitative: the impact of digital stories was seen at the macro (policy), meso (family, peers, and community), and micro (youth) levels. The digital stories sparked conversations in the community about HIV prevention and care. Community support spread through kinship networks |
Jernigan, Salvatore, Styne, and Winkleby (2012) [36] | U.S.A | Community | Creators: Native American community leaders Viewers: Community members (n = 40) Intervention: Group viewing of DS followed by focus groups | Case study | Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) Policy Engagement Framework | Qualitative: Focus Groups | Qualitative: Community members identified racial injustice and both physical and financial barriers to accessing healthy and culturally appropriate foods as areas of greatest importance. This outcome resulted in creation of local policies to reduce identified barriers |
Treffry-Goatley, Lessells, Moletsane, de Oliveira, and Gaede (2018) [40] | South Africa | Clinical | Creators: Community members recruited from primary healthcare programs discussing HIV and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Viewers: Digital stories were disseminated to 7 local public health clinics for patients’ viewing. Respondents before screening (n = 852), Respondents after screening (n = 860), Participants from the general public, healthcare workers, and Community Advisory Board (n = 65) Intervention: Viewed DS in waiting room followed by survey and discussion | Quasi-experimental | Freire’s Theoretical Framework of Empowerment | Qualitative: Focus groups, and observation of individuals watching digital stories Quantitative: Surveys | Qualitative: Focus groups revealed that DS are an effective way to engage people and stimulate discussion around HIV and its treatment Quantitative: Descriptive statistics demonstrated no difference in knowledge or understanding of HIV or ART between intervention and control participants |
Wieland et al. (2017)b [37] | U.S.A | Clinical | Creators c: Latino and Somali storytellers completed a digital storytelling workshop onT2D self-management Viewers: Latino and Somali patients (n = 25) Intervention: Individual viewing of digital stories followed by face-to-face interviews and blood glucose measurement | Cross-sectional structured interviews; Cohort Study | Narrative Theory and Social Cognitive Theory | Qualitative: interviews to assess intervention acceptability, interest level, usefulness, self-rated confidence, and motivation for managing T2D Quantitative: measures of A1C for intervention feasibility and preliminary evidence | Qualitative: High acceptability, stated to be interesting, and useful. Reported a range of main messages coinciding with intention to change T2D related behavior, more confident about managing T2D after watching the video, and plans to share video Quantitative: hemoglobin A1C change was statistically significant among Latino participants (-1.5% [-17 mmol/mol] change from baseline; p = 0.03) but not Somali participants (-0.4% [-4 mmol/mol] change from baseline; p = 0.36) |
Willis et al. (2014) [41] | Zimbabwe | Community | Creators: Young people (18–22 years old) from (HIV) Africaid Zvandiri programme Viewers: Primary caregivers of the creators (n = 12) Intervention: Group viewing of digital stories followed by discussion | Case study | Social Constructionism in the context of narrative therapy | Qualitative: One focus group with caregivers | Qualitative: Caregivers stated that after watching the DS they had a better understanding of their children and that the intervention helped share memories of people who had died and in some cases helped individuals accept their own HIV status |