Table 3 Summary of endgame approaches within the supply chain operational remit theme of the proposed MOEM

Sub-themes

Liberman [17]

Borland [8]

Callard [9]

Thomson et al. [18]

Thomson et al. [11]

Gray [19, 20]

Smith et al. [21]

MOEM function within the supply chain

The agency has an overarching regulatory presence on all the processes of the supply chain

Between the manufacturers and the distributors: take over the marketing component

• Transfer the supply chain work to a non-profit agency removing the tobacco industry from the whole market

•Tobacco growers, stakeholders, distributors, and retailers could remain in the market but should change to other goals as the tobacco market will vanish

•Similar to Borland but also regulate the retailers via licensing

•Take over the marketing component

•The agency will be introduced before the manufacture in the supply chain and will supply suppliers with tradable quota

•SOTM can participate in the auction (to control potential auction rigging by suppliers)

Same as Borland

Take over the marketing component

A government tobacco monopoly be introduced, and act as sole buyer. The retailer will be removed from the supply chain and be replaced by government operated retailers

Product design

(1) Reveal ingredient/content

(2) Labelling

(3) Packaging

(4) Determine the tobacco manufacturing process

(1)(2)(3)(4)

(1)

(2)(3- Design and manufacture their cigarettes in ways that reduce their attractiveness or addictiveness)

(1)(3)

(2)(3)

(1)(2-Generic) (3)

(1)(2)(3)

Purchase

(1) Become the sole purchaser of tobacco products from the manufacturer

(2) Adopt a regulatory role over the work of the manufacturer (licensing)

(3) Set the amount of tobacco product/or brands/or tendered amount to be allowed into the market

(4) Set the whole price

(1)(2)(3)

(1)(3)(4)

(3)

(1)(3)(4)

(3- Quota on manufactured and imported products)(4)

(1)

(1)(3)(4)

Promotion

(1) Control tobacco product communication (what goes on the pack)

(2) Move into unbranded products

(3) Control what retailers can communicate with consumers

(1)(3)

(1)(2)(3)

(1)

(1)(2)

(2)

(1)(2)

(1)

Distribution

(1) Bind the distributor to a license agreement – full control

(2) Take over distribution

(3) Keep the relationship between the manufacturer and distributor

(4) Complimentary intervention to address potential fake shortages of supply

(1)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(3)(4)

(2- Into government owned retail shops by removing the retailing sector and retailers)

Retailing

(1) Bind the retailer to a license agreement – full control

(2) Takeover the retail

(3) Indirect control with licensing

(4) Set retail price

(5) Anti-monopoly laws

(6) Support retailers to switch to alternative markets through financial reward/incentivise to be involved in cessation programmes

(7) Restrict store density and location

(8) Set condition under which products could be available in the market

(9) Set age of purchase

(10) Limit selling hours

(11) Set limit on purchases to control secondary illegal sale to minors

(1)(4)(8)

(3)(4)(5)(7)

(2)(6)

(1)(7)(8)

(4- Price would increase as supply decreases)(8)(9)

(3)(4)(6)(7)

(2- Restricting sale to government owned retail stores)(4)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)

Final consumption

(1) Ensure that demand is met

(2) Act to reduce demand

(3) Shift demand to less harmful products

(4) Communicate with consumers: awareness; cessation; price change

(5) Allow growing tobacco for personal use

(1)(2)(3)(4-cessation information)

(1)(2)(3)

(1)(2)

(5)

(3)

(1)