Table 3 Psychometric Properties of the Included Instruments

Cristello et al., 2020 [19]

Adolescent E-Cigarette Consequences Questionnaire (AECQ)

Vaping expectancies, sensory expectancies

7 (negative affect reduction, taste and sensorimotor manipulation, social facilitation, weight control, negative physical feelings, boredom reduction, negative social impression)

NR

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Convergent and discriminant validity

NR

NR

Diez et al., 2019 [30]

Electronic Cigarette Attitudes Survey (ECAS)

Attitudes toward e-cig use

1 (attitudes)

0.93

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA); Test differences by e-cigarette use status;

NR

NR

Morean et al., 2019 [20]

Sensory E-cigarette Expectancies Scale (SEES)

Sensory vaping expectancies

3 (taste/smell, pleasure/satisfaction, vapor cloud Production)

Subscales: .85–.90

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA); Measurement invariance; Convergence with dependence

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with vaping frequency and habitual e-cigarette use)

Piper et al., 2019 [36]

E-cigarette Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (e-FTCD)

E-cigarette dependence measure

1 (dependence)

.51

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Correlation with e-cigarette use measures and; e-cigarette dependence measures

NR

Predictive validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Piper et al., 2019 [36]

E-cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (e-WISDM)

E-cigarette dependence measure

11 (affiliative attachment, affective enhancement, automaticity, loss of control, cognitive enhancement, craving, cue exposure, social/environmental goals, taste, tolerance, weight control)

.80 (Subscales > 0.80)

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Correlation with e-cigarette use measures and; e-cigarette dependence measures

NR

Predictive validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Piper et al., 2019 [36]; Foulds et al., 2015 [37]

Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI).

E-cigarette dependence measure

1 (dependence)

.74

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Correlation with e-cigarette use measures and; e-cigarette dependence measures; Test differences by nicotine concentration of products used

Participant Interviews

Predictive validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Dowd et al., 2019 [35]

Questionnaire of Vaping Craving (QVC)

Craving for e-cigarette measure

3 (desire, intention, positive outcome)

.96

NR

Test Dimensionality (PFA & CFA); Correlation with e-cigarette use, and cigarette use measures; Convergent and discriminant validity

NR

NR

Cole et al., 2019 [32]

Susceptibility scale

Susceptibility to future tobacco products or e-cigarettes use

1 (susceptibility)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Predictive validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Pokhrel et al., 2018 [18]

Revised youth e-cigarette outcome expectancies

E-cigarette use outcome expectancies

8 (social enhancement, affect regulation, positive sensory experience, negative health consequences, addiction concern, negative sensory experience, positive “smoking” experience, negative social experience)

Subscales: .77–.94

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA); Convergence and divergence validity

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use susceptibility, current e-cigarette use, e-cigarette use dependence)

Pokhrel et al., 2018 [18]

Revised youth EC outcome expectancies (short)

Outcome expectancies

2 (positive outcome expectancies, negative outcome expectancies)

.87–.92

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA)

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use susceptibility, current e-cigarette use, e-cigarette use dependence); construct validity (associated with e-cigarette outcome expectancy factors)

Morean et al., 2018 [34]

Self-report habit index (SRHI)

Habitual e-cigarette use

1 (habitual use)

0.91

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA & EFA); Measurement invariance

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with increased frequency of e-cigarette use)

Carey et al., 2018 [33]

Susceptibility to four product classes (EC, cigars, hookah and cigarettes)

Susceptibility to four product classes (e-cigarette, cigarettes, hookah and cigars)

4 (e-cigarettes, cigarettes, hookah, cigars)

0.74

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA)

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette ever use)

Browne & Todd, 2018 [38]

Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence applied to Vaping (FTND-V)–

E-cigarette dependence and consumption

1

.54

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA)

NR

NR

Hershberger et al., 2017 [24]; Kale et al., 2020 [25]

Comparing E-Cigarette and Cigarettes Questionnaire (CEAC)

Comparative beliefs of e-cig use and cigarette smoking

3 (general benefits, general effects; health benefits

0.94 Subscales: .80–.88

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA); Measurement invariance; Test differences by e-cigarette use status; Associated with impulsive personality traits

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Waters et al., 2017 [28]

Perceived harms and social norms in the use of electronic cigarettes

Perceived harms and social norms

1 (perceived harms), 1 (social norm)

0.87 (perceived harms) .93 (social norm)

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA)

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Persoskie et al., 2017 [27]

Direct and indirect measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco

Perceived harm of e-cigarettes

2 (direct and indirect)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use)

Copeland et al., 2017 [22]

Risk and Benefits of E-cigarettes (RABE)

Perceived risk and benefits of e-cigarette use (RABE)

2 (perceived risks, perceived benefits)

Subscales: .89–.92

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Test differences by e-cigarette use status); Correlation with Cigarette Dependent Index

NR

NR

Morean & L’Insalata, 2017 [21]

Short Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire (S-VCQ)

Sensory vaping expectancies

4 (Negative consequences, Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Appetite/weight control)

Subscale: .85–.94

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Measurement invariance; Correlation with smoking expectancy scale

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with frequency of e-cigarette use)

Penzes et al., 2016 [31]

Motivations of intention to try EC

Motivations of intention to try e-cigarette

6 (health benefits/smoking cessation; curiosity/taste variety; perceived social norms; convenience; chemical hazards; danger of dependence)

subscale: .68–.90

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA)

NR

Concurrent validity (subscales (curiosity/taste) associated with e-cigarette experimentation)

Hershberger et al., 2016 [29]

Nicotine and Other Substance Interaction Expectancy Questionnaire E-cig Revised version (NOSIE-ER)

Expectancies of combined e-cig and alcohol use

2 (alcohol use leads to e-cigarette use, e-cigarette use leads to alcohol use)

Subscale:.84–.88 Subscale: .85–.94

NR

Test Dimensionality (EFA & CFA)

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with alcohol use disorder)

Hendricks et al., 2015 [26]

E-cigarette-specific Brief Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (BSCQ-A)

Hospitalized smokers’ expectancies for electronic cigarettes

10 (negative affect reduction, stimulation/state enhancement, health risks, taste/sensorimotor manipulation, social facilitation, weight control, craving/addiction, negative physical feelings, boredom reduction, negative social impression)

.67–.88

NR

Test Dimensionality (CFA); Correlations with tobacco use, and e-cigarette exposure and use

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with intention to use e-cigarettes)

Chaffee et al., 2015 [23]

Conditional Risk Assessment of Adolescents’ Electronic Cigarette Perceptions

Perceived risk and benefits for use of e-cigarette

2 (perceived risks and benefits)

NR

NR

Test differences by e-cigarette use status; Correlation with Cigarette Dependent Index

NR

Concurrent validity (associated with e-cigarette use)