Table 2 AYS regression results of past 30-day substance use on ACEs

ACEs (ref. = 0 ACEs)

  1–3 ACEs

2.46***

2.04***

1.87***

1.88***

2.58***

[2.26–2.69]

[1.87–2.23]

[1.68–2.08}

[1.71–2.08]

[2.33–2.85]

  4–6 ACEs

7.02***

3.77***

3.77***

3.90***

6.67***

[6.37–7.73]

[3.40–4.17]

[3.35–4.25]

[3.49–4.34]

[5.97–7.45]

Covariates

  Age

1.37***

1.21***

1.41***

1.38***

1.24***

[1.31–1.43]

[1.16–1.27]

[1.33–1.49]

[1.31–1.45]

[1.18–1.30]

  Male

0.97

0.73***

0.93

1.01

0.86***

[0.91–1.03]

[0.68–0.78]

[0.86–1.00]

[0.94–1.08]

[0.81–0.92]

Education levels (ref. = Grade 12)

  Grade 8

1.09

1.06

0.70**

0.81

0.54***

[0.91–1.31]

[0.87–1.29]

[0.55–0.89]

[0.66–1.01]

[0.44–0.67]

  Grade 10

1.09

1.12

1.04

1.02

0.88*

[0.97–1.22]

[0.99–1.29]

[0.90–1.20]

[0.90–1.17]

[0.77–1.00]

Race (ref. = White)

  Black

0.77*

0.50***

0.72*

0.78*

0.99

[0.63–0.95]

[0.96–1.10]

[0.55–0.94]

[0.61–0.99]

[0.80–1.22]

  Multiracial

1.24**

0.88

0.93

0.92

1.17*

[1.08–1.42]

[1.87–2.23]

[0.78–1.11]

[0.78–1.09]

[1.01–1.36]

  Hispanic

1.45***

1.03

1.09*

1.23***

1.22***

[1.36–1.55]

[0.96–1.10]

[1.01–1.19]

[1.14–1.33]

[1.14–1.31]

Constant

0.001***

0.006***

0.000***

0.000***

0.003***

Observations

31,253

31,932

32,028

31,879

32,143