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Table 3 Characteristics of the participants and percentage of TBa/CBb victimization (n = 1,200)

From: Prevalence, characteristics, and psychological outcomes of workplace cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey

 

Number

TB victim, %

P

CB victim, %

P

Overall

1,200

11.3

 

8.0

 

TB victim

 No

1,064

  

5.4

 < .001

 Yes

136

  

28.7

CB victim

 No

1,104

8.8

 < .001

  

 Yes

96

40.6

 

Sex

 Male

800

12.6

.046

8.9

.11

 Female

400

8.8

6.3

Marital status

     

 Not married

497

10.3

.33

7.2

.42

 Married

703

12.1

8.5

Annual household income, JPY

 4 million or less

264

11.4

.76

6.4

.19

 4–8 million

591

11.3

7.4

 8–12 million

249

12.4

11.2

 12 million or more

96

8.3

7.3

Educational attainment

 High school

250

9.2

.48

2.8

.001

 College, etc

157

11.5

5.7

 University/graduate school

793

12.0

10.1

Active dissemination via SNSs, blog, or video-sharing site

 No

1,057

10.4

.006

6.1

 < .001

 Yes

143

18.2

21.7

Residential area

 Hokkaido/Tohoku

83

15.7

.24

6.0

.18

 Tokyo

254

15.4

10.6

 Kanto (excluding Tokyo)

370

9.5

6.2

 Chubu

146

9.6

6.2

 Kansai

207

10.1

11.1

 Chugoku/Shikoku

73

11.0

8.2

 Kyusyu/Okinawa

67

9.0

4.5

Type of industry

 Construction

62

6.5

.33

11.3

.53

 Manufacturing

333

11.4

6.9

 Information/communication

107

11.2

11.2

 Transportation

66

7.6

10.6

 Wholesale/retail trade

96

17.7

7.3

 Finance/insurance/real estate

110

12.7

9.1

 Healthcare/welfare

90

13.3

3.3

 Services

132

9.1

7.6

 Public sector

64

10.9

10.9

 Academic research

40

2.5

2.5

 Others

100

14.0

9.0

Type of work

 Professional/technical position

296

10.1

.30

10.1

.26

 Clerical position

489

10.6

8.6

 Sales position

77

18.2

5.2

 Service position

98

15.3

4.1

 Production engineering

91

9.9

4.4

 Others

149

10.7

8.1

Position

 Non-manager

946

10.4

.04

6.6

 < .001

 Manager

254

15.0

13.4

Number of employees in the workplace

 5 or fewer

175

11.4

.71

4.6

.33

 6–9

161

11.2

8.1

 10–19

242

9.1

7.0

 20–29

124

10.5

9.7

 30 or more

498

12.7

9.2

Average working hours per week

 30 or fewer

59

16.9

.09

15.3

.04

 30–39

252

10.7

7.1

 40–49

649

9.6

6.5

 50–59

142

14.8

12.0

 60 or more

98

16.3

10.2

Frequency of teleworking

 Almost never

777

11.1

.25

4.5

 < .001

 About 1 to 3 times a month

79

17.7

19.0

 About 1 to 3 times a week

203

9.4

15.3

 Almost every day

141

12.1

10.6

  1. aTB Traditional bullying defined by Short Negative Act Questionnaire
  2. bCB Cyberbullying defined by Inventory of Cyberbullying Acts at Work