Table 2 Association between the depressive symptomatology severity and the risk of violence in older people
Items on the ARVINI Scale | No depressive symptomatology n (%) | Mild/moderate depressive symptomatology n (%) | Severe depressive symptomatology n (%) | X2 | P-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 - Do you often feel alone? (Yes) | 93 (46.7%) | 83 (42.1%) | 22 (11.2%) | 99.297 | < 0.001 |
2 - Is there someone who keeps you company on a daily basis? (No) | 293 (77.9%) | 73 (19.4%) | 10 (2.7%) | 42.644 | < 0.001 |
3 - Is there someone who takes you shopping when you need to go? (No) | 322 (73.9%) | 99 (22.7%) | 16 (3.7%) | 27.221 | < 0.001 |
4 - Is there someone who takes you to the doctor when necessary? (No) | 324 (72.8%) | 100 (22.5%) | 21 (4.7%) | 7.944 | 0.019 |
5 - Do you meet with friends/colleagues weekly? (No) | 322 (73.9%) | 95 (21.8%) | 19 (30.8%) | 16.248 | < 0.001 |
6 - Do you meet with family members on a weekly basis? (No) | 298 (74.3%) | 86 (21.4%) | 17 (4.2%) | 12.569 | 0.002 |
8 – Has someone told you that you cause them a lot of/too much work? (Yes) | 5 (45.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 10.680 | 0.005 |
10 - Do you feel that no one wants to be with you? (Yes) | 10 (47.6%) | 6 (28.6%) | 5 (23.8%) | 15.261 | < 0.001 |
11 - Are you afraid of someone in your family? (Yes) | 9 (40.9%) | 10 (45.5%) | 3 (13.6%) | 10.659 | 0.005 |
13 - Has any member of your family shouted at you and called you names, making you feel ashamed? (Yes) | 43 (51.8%) | 30 (36.1%) | 10 (12.0%) | 20.425 | < 0.001 |
14 - Has anyone in your family physically assaulted you (pushed you, hit you)? (Yes) | 14 (50.0%) | 8 (28.6%) | 6 (21.4%) | 15.955 | < 0.001 |
15 - Has anyone in your family told you that you are sick when you know you are not? (Yes) | 9 (45.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 11.240 | 0.004 |
17 - Has someone in your family taken away things that belong to you without your consent? (Yes) | 17 (51.5%) | 11 (33.3%) | 5 (15.2%) | 9.388 | 0.009 |
22 - Do you feel that other people are unfair to you? (Yes) | 68 (60.2%) | 35 (31.0%) | 10 (8.8%) | 9.462 | 0.009 |
23 - Do you have difficulty making decisions about your life? (Yes) | 55 (50.5%) | 45 (41.3%) | 8 (8.3%) | 29.784 | < 0.001 |
24 - Do you often feel anxious/impatient? (Yes) | 118 (51.5%) | 88 (38.4%) | 23 (10.0%) | 83.010 | < 0.001 |
25 - Do you often get irritated? (Yes) | 107 (54.3%) | 69 (35.0%) | 21 (10.7%) | 49.814 | < 0.001 |
26 - Can you pay your bills with your income? (No) | 343 (72.5%) | 106 (22.4%) | 24 (5.1%) | 10.614 | 0.005 |