Community-based care models for arterial hypertension management in non-pregnant adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature scoping review and framework for designing chronic services

Table 5 Risk of bias assessment for cohort and case–control studies (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale)

Author and publication year	Selection				Comparability	Outcome			Score	Quality
	1	2	3	4		1	2	3
Steyn et al. 1993 [62]	-	-	✷	✷	✷	✷	✷	-	5	high risk of bias
Oparah et al. 2006 [60]	-	-	✷	✷	-	✷	✷	85%✷	5	high risk of bias
Ndou et al. 2013 [51]	-	✷	✷	✷	✷	✷	-	-	5	high risk of bias
Khabala et al. 2015 [58]	-	-	✷	-	-	✷	-	-	2	high risk of bias
Marfo et al. 2017 [55]	-	✷	✷	✷	-	✷	✷	-	5	high risk of bias
Nelissen et al. 2018 [61]	-	-	✷	✷	-	✷	✷	-	4	high risk of bias
Kuria et al. 2018 [54]	-	-	✷	✷	-	-	✷	-	3	high risk of bias
Adler et al. 2019 [52]	-	-	✷	✷	-	✷	✷	-	4	high risk of bias
Stephens et al. 2021 [53]	✷	-	✷	✷	-	✷	✷	-	5	high risk of bias
Otieno et al. 2021 [57]	-	-	✷	-	-	✷	✷	✷	4	high risk of bias

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