Table 1 Sources of neighborhood data compiled in this study, within the five Detroit Metro counties
Construct | Measure | Instrument or source of data | Time period |
|---|---|---|---|
Built conditions | Alcohol outlets | Liquor Control Board licenses and from the USA reference database (https://lib.msu.edu/about/data/referenceusahistorical/), n = 14,916 | Business primary revenue source (2011) |
Vacant properties | Tax parcel data for each jurisdiction, coded as vacant, n = 113,028 | 2011 | |
Agricultural land use | Tax parcel data for each jurisdiction, coded for land use, n = 321,405 | 2011 | |
Greenspaces | ESRI, n = 870 | 2018 | |
Churches | Urban Institute National Center for Charitable Statistics Data Archives (https://nccs-data.urban.org/data.php?ds=core), n = 264 | 2011 | |
Non-profit organizations | Urban Institute National Center for Charitable Statistics Data Archives (https://nccs-data.urban.org/data.php?ds=core), n = 1657 | 2011 | |
Social conditions | Perceived social process | Questionnaires administered to neighbors via Michigan Twins Study, mean number of neighbors per family = 16.04 (SD = 11.48, range of 1 to 45), social cohesion and social control | 2008-2014 |
Poverty | Area Deprivation Index, University of Wisconsin, n = 3773 | 2015 | |
ACS 5-year estimates | 2008-2012 | ||
Toxicant conditions | Quantities of industrial toxicants | ToxMap EPA Tri-facilities, combined toxicant releases (https://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/download.html), n = 804 | Cumulative values 1988 to 2016 |
Industrial land use | Tax parcel data for each jurisdiction, coded for land use, n = 321,405 | 2011 | |
Lead from housing | Structures built prior to 1978, n = 922,165 | Compiled in 2020, includes age of all structures |